Abstract: The invention involves the formation of a sulfided stable iron (II) compound from an iron (II) oxide and/or hydroxide and where the molar ratio of sulfur to iron (II) is greater than 1. Preferably these oxides and/or hydroxides are present as nanoparticles in the 5-10 nanometer range. It has been discovered that such particles can be formed at lower cost and with fewer impurities by using ferrous carbonate (FeCO3) from siderite as compared to known processes from various iron salts such as sulfates and chlorides.

Abstract: The invention involves the formation of a sulfided stable iron (II) compound from an iron (II) oxide and/or hydroxide and where the molar ratio of sulfur to iron (II) is greater than 1. Preferably these oxides and/or hydroxides are present as nanoparticles in the 5-10 nanometer range. It has been discovered that such particles can be formed at lower cost and with fewer impurities by using ferrous carbonate (FeCO3) from siderite as compared to known processes from various iron salts such as sulfates and chlorides.

Abstract: The invention involves the formation of a stable iron (II) oxide and/or hydroxide. Preferably these oxides and/or hydroxides are present as nanoparticles in the 5-10 nanometer range. It has been discovered that such particles can be formed at lower cost and with fewer impurities by using ferrous carbonate (FeCO3) from siderite as compared to known processes from various iron salts such as sulfates and chlorides. The novel nanoparticles are particularly adapted to removing sulfur compounds such as H2S from liquid and/or gaseous streams, such as hydrocarbon streams.

Abstract: The invention involves the formation of a stable iron (II) oxide and/or hydroxide. Preferably these oxides and/or hydroxides are present as nanoparticles in the 5-10 nanometer range. It has been discovered that such particles can be formed at lower cost and with fewer impurities by using ferrous carbonate (FeCO3) from siderite as compared to known processes from various iron salts such as sulfates and chlorides. The novel nanoparticles are particularly adapted to removing sulfur compounds such as H2S from liquid and/or gaseous streams, such as hydrocarbon streams.

Abstract: Finely divided ferrous carbonate absorbent, siderite granules or absorbent particles made by mixing, agglomerating and shaping finely powdered ferrous carbonate, preferably siderite, in combination with minor effective amounts of water or an optional binder, followed by drying, are used to treat and significantly reduce concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, organic disulfides, mercaptans and other sulfurous compounds and contaminants in gaseous and liquid fluid streams such as natural gas, light hydrocarbon streams, crude oil, acid gas mixtures, carbon dioxide gas and liquid streams, anaerobic gas, landfill gas, geothermal gases and liquids, and the like. Methods for absorbing sulfur compounds in a moist atmospheric environment and for regenerating the absorbent by contacting it with air and steam or, continuously, by mixing the feed stream with moist air are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of using a sulfided iron reagent to remove oxygen from gaseous and liquid fluid streams such as natural gas, light hydrocarbon streams, crude oil, acid gas mixtures, carbon dioxide gas and liquid streams, anaerobic gas, landfill gas, geothermal gases and liquids, and the like is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent is made by mixing, agglomerating and shaping finely powdered ferrous carbonate, preferably siderite which are used to remove oxygen from a hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide stream that also contains sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Finely divided ferrous carbonate absorbent, siderite granules or absorbent particles made by mixing, agglomerating and shaping finely powdered ferrous carbonate, preferably siderite, in combination with minor effective amounts of water or an optional binder, followed by drying, are used to treat and significantly reduce concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, organic disulfides, mercaptans and other sulfurous compounds and contaminants in gaseous and liquid fluid streams such as natural gas, light hydrocarbon streams, crude oil, acid gas mixtures, carbon dioxide gas and liquid streams, anaerobic gas, landfill gas, geothermal gases and liquids, and the like.

Abstract: A method of using a sulfided iron reagent to remove oxygen from gaseous and liquid fluid streams such as natural gas, light hydrocarbon streams, crude oil, acid gas mixtures, carbon dioxide gas and liquid streams, anaerobic gas, landfill gas, geothermal gases and liquids, and the like is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent is made by mixing, agglomerating and shaping finely powdered ferrous carbonate, preferably siderite which are used to remove oxygen from a hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide stream that also contains sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A method of using a sulfided iron reagent to remove oxygen from gaseous and liquid fluid streams such as natural gas, light hydrocarbon streams, crude oil, acid gas mixtures, carbon dioxide gas and liquid streams, anaerobic gas, landfill gas, geothermal gases and liquids, and the like is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent is made by mixing, agglomerating and shaping finely powdered ferrous carbonate, preferably siderite which are used to remove oxygen from a hydrocarbon or carbon dioxide stream that also contains sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A process for the removal of trace metals from a hydrocarbon stream includes contacting the hydrocarbon stream with an absorbent material comprising antimony pentoxide supported on an absorbent substrate. The hydrocarbon product is then withdrawn from the absorbent material to provide a purified product in which 99.5 wt. % of the trace metal has been removed. Preparation of the antimony pentoxide-promoted absorbent entails treating a particulate porous substrate with an aqueous solution of antimony pentoxide. The absorbent substrate has an average particle size within the range of 1-5 mm and an average pore volume within the range of 0.7-0.85 cubic centimeters per gram. At least 80% of the surface area of the support is contained within the internal pore volume of the absorbent. The absorbent support is contacted with the antimony pentoxide solution.

Abstract: A process for the removal of trace metals from a hydrocarbon stream includes contacting the hydrocarbon stream with an absorbent material comprising antimony pentoxide supported on an absorbent substrate. The hydrocarbon product is then withdrawn from the absorbent material to provide a purified product in which 99.5 wt. % of the trace metal has been removed. Preparation of the antimony pentoxide-promoted absorbent entails treating a particulate porous substrate with an aqueous solution of antimony pentoxide. The absorbent substrate has an average particle size within the range of 1-5 mm and an average pore volume within the range of 0.7-0.85 cubic centimeters per gram. At least 80% of the surface area of the support is contained within the internal pore volume of the absorbent. The absorbent support is contacted with the antimony pentoxide solution.

Abstract: Fine, pure, boehmite alumina crystallites are peptized, partially precipitated and phosphated, hardened, and dried to form a xerogel. The alumina can be impregnated with a chromium compound. The chromium-containing catalyst is activated by calcination. The activated catalyst can be used as a polymerization catalyst to polymerize mono-1-olefins.

Abstract: Fine, pure, boehmite alumina crystallites are peptized, partially precipitated and phosphated, hardened, and dried to form a zerogel. The alumina can be impregnated with a chromium compound. The chromium-containing catalyst is activated by calcination. The activated catalyst can be used as a polymerization catalyst to polymerize mono-1-olefins.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises (a) alumina, (b) zinc titanate, (c) at least one compound of molybdenum, (d) at least one compound of at least one of nickel and cobalt, and (e) at least one compound of rhenium. This catalyst composition is used for hydrotreating a liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, which contains organic compounds of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen under such conditions as to obtain a product having reduced levels of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. Preferably the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream contains cycloalkanes, which are at least partially reformed to aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A highly active catalyst suitable for the polymerization of olefins and its use are disclosed, said catalyst being prepared by(1) co-comminuting an aluminum halide; at least one electron donor; a Group IVB-VIB transition metal compound; and a support base selected from the group consisting of the Group IIA and IIIA salts and the salts of the multivalent metals of the first transition series with the exception of copper to produce a coground solid;(2) extracting said coground solid with an organic liquid; and(3) separating the solid from the liquid under such conditions that at least 5 weight percent of the aluminum in the coground solid is removed.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises (a) alumina, (b) zinc titanate, (c) at least one compound of molybdenum, (d) at least one compound of at least one of nickel and cobalt, and (e) at least one compound of rhenium. This catalyst composition is used for hydrotreating a liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, which contains organic compounds of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen under such conditions as to obtain a product having reduced levels of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. Preferably the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream contains cycloalkanes, which are at least partially reformed to aromatic compounds.

Abstract: The removal of sulfur oxide (particularly sulfur dioxide) from a fluid stream, such as the tail gas from a sulfur process, is accomplished by contacting such fluid stream with a catalyst composition comprising zinc titanate and a promoter in the presence of a hydrogen donor.

Abstract: A highly active catalyst suitable for the polymerization of olefins and its use are disclosed, said catalyst being prepared by(1) co-comminuting an aluminum halide; at least one electron donor; a Group IVB-VIB transition metal compound; and a support base selected from the group consisting of the Group IIA and IIIA salts and the salts of the multivalent metals of the first transition series with the exception of copper to produce a coground solid;(2) extracting said coground solid with an organic liquid; and(3) separating the solid from the liquid under such conditions that at least 5 weight percent of the aluminum in the coground solid is removed.

Abstract: The formation of carbon on metals exposed to hydrocarbons in a thermal cracking process is reduced by contacting such metals with an antifoulant selected from the group consisting of tin, a combination of tin and antimony, a combination of germanium and antimony, a combination of tin and germanium and a combination of tin, antimony and germanium.

Abstract: The formation of carbon on metals exposed to hydrocarbons in a thermal cracking process is reduced by contacting such metals with an antifoulant selected from the group consisting of tin, a combination of tin and antimony, a combination of germanium and antimony, a combination of tin and germanium and a combination of tin, antimony and germanium.