Abstract: A balun circuit includes a first transformer comprising a first inductor and a second inductor, the first inductor having an electrical value different than the second inductor, a second transformer comprising a third inductor and a fourth inductor, the third inductor having an electrical value different than the fourth inductor, the first inductor connected to a positive terminal of a balanced port, the third inductor connected to a negative terminal of the balanced port, the second inductor connected to an unbalanced port and the fourth inductor connected to a node.

Abstract: Beamforming communication systems with high linearity are provided. In certain embodiments, a method of beamforming includes generating a transmit signal using a baseband processor, providing digital pre-distortion to the transmit signal, generating a radio frequency input signal based on the transmit signal using a transceiver, processing the radio frequency input signal to generate a plurality of radio frequency output signals using a plurality of transmit signal paths of a front end system, providing analog pre-distortion to at least one of the plurality of transmit signal paths using the front end system, and radiating a transmit beam in response to receiving the plurality of radio frequency output signals using an antenna array.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for true power detection are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a power amplifier system includes an antenna, a directional coupler, and a power amplifier electrically connected to the antenna by way of a through line of the directional coupler. The power amplifier system further includes a first switch, a second switch, and a combiner that combines a first coupled signal received from a first end of the directional coupler’s coupled line through the first switch and a second coupled signal received from a second end of the directional coupler’s coupled line through the second switch.

Abstract: An end-fire antenna for wideband low form factor applications includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a dielectric layer disposed between the first and second metal layers. An open cavity formed in the dielectric layer that is filled with air, the cavity defined by a pair of sidewalls that extend from an aperture of the cavity to a rear wall of the cavity, where the depth of the aperture is defined between the aperture and the rear wall. The cavity is formed by selecting the width of the aperture of the cavity and the depth of the cavity such that the antenna achieves the same gain during operation irrespective of a variation in the thickness of the antenna.

Abstract: Systems and methods for integrating injection-locked oscillators into transceiver arrays are disclosed. In one aspect, there is provided an injection-locked oscillator (ILO) distribution system including a master clock generator configured to generate a master clock signal. The ILO distribution system also includes an ILO distribution circuit including an ILO and configured to receive the master clock signal. The ILO is configured to generate a reference clock signal based on the master clock signal. The ILO distribution circuit is further configured to generate an output signal indicative of an operating frequency of the ILO. The ILO distribution system further includes an injection-locked detector (ILD) configured to receive the master clock signal and the output signal. The ILD is further configured to determine whether the ILO is in a locked state or in an unlocked state based on the master clock signal and the output signal.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for true power detection are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a power amplifier system includes an antenna, a directional coupler, and a power amplifier electrically connected to the antenna by way of a through line of the directional coupler. The power amplifier system further includes a first switch, a second switch, and a combiner that combines a first coupled signal received from a first end of the directional coupler's coupled line through the first switch and a second coupled signal received from a second end of the directional coupler's coupled line through the second switch.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure includes a phase shifter that includes a first meandering transmission line having a first input configured to receive a first input signal and a first output configured to provide a first output signal; and a plurality of switches configured to adjust an effective electrical length of the first meandering transmission line.

Abstract: Systems and methods for integrating injection-locked oscillators into transceiver arrays are disclosed. In one aspect, there is provided an injection-locked oscillator (ILO) distribution system including a master clock generator configured to generate a master clock signal. The ILO distribution system also includes an ILO distribution circuit including an ILO and configured to receive the master clock signal. The ILO is configured to generate a reference clock signal based on the master clock signal. The ILO distribution circuit is further configured to generate an output signal indicative of an operating frequency of the ILO. The ILO distribution system further includes an injection-locked detector (ILD) configured to receive the master clock signal and the output signal. The ILD is further configured to determine whether the ILO is in a locked state or in an unlocked state based on the master clock signal and the output signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for integrating injection-locked oscillators into transceiver arrays are disclosed. In one aspect, there is provided an injection-locked oscillator (ILO) distribution system including a master clock generator configured to generate a master clock signal. The ILO distribution system also includes an ILO distribution circuit including an ILO and configured to receive the master clock signal. The ILO is configured to generate a reference clock signal based on the master clock signal. The ILO distribution circuit is further configured to generate an output signal indicative of an operating frequency of the ILO. The ILO distribution system further includes an injection-locked detector (ILD) configured to receive the master clock signal and the output signal. The ILD is further configured to determine whether the ILO is in a locked state or in an unlocked state based on the master clock signal and the output signal.

Abstract: A Radio Frequency (RF) circuit including a receive path, a transmit path, a switching circuit, and an output configured to receive RF signals from an antenna in a receive mode of operation, and to provide RF signals to the antenna in a transmit mode of operation. The receive path is configured to be coupled between a low-noise amplifier and the output. The switching circuit is located in the receive path and is configured, in the receive mode, to selectively couple the low-noise amplifier to the output and to pass the received RF signals from the output to the low-noise amplifier. The transmit path is configured to be coupled between a power amplifier and the output, to provide, in the transmit mode, signals from the power amplifier to the output, bypassing the switching circuit, and to have, in receive mode of operation, an off-state impedance of at least 200+j*13 Ohm.

Abstract: An end-fire antenna for wideband low form factor applications includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a dielectric layer disposed between the first and second metal layers. An open cavity formed in the dielectric layer that is filled with air, the cavity defined by a pair of sidewalls that extend from an aperture of the cavity to a rear wall of the cavity, where the depth of the aperture is defined between the aperture and the rear wall. The cavity is formed by selecting the width of the aperture of the cavity and the depth of the cavity such that the antenna achieves the same gain during operation irrespective of a variation in the thickness of the antenna.

Abstract: An end-fire antenna for wideband low form factor applications includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a dielectric layer disposed between the first and second metal layers. An open cavity formed in the dielectric layer that is filled with air, the cavity defined by a pair of sidewalls that extend from an aperture of the cavity to a rear wall of the cavity, where the depth of the aperture is defined between the aperture and the rear wall. The cavity is formed by selecting the width of the aperture of the cavity and the depth of the cavity such that the antenna achieves the same gain during operation irrespective of a variation in the thickness of the antenna.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for true power detection are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a power amplifier system includes an antenna, a directional coupler, and a power amplifier electrically connected to the antenna by way of a through line of the directional coupler. The power amplifier system further includes a first switch, a second switch, and a combiner that combines a first coupled signal received from a first end of the directional coupler's coupled line through the first switch and a second coupled signal received from a second end of the directional coupler's coupled line through the second switch.

Abstract: An antenna structure can include a printed circuit board module and a mold compound disposed on a side of the printed circuit board module. A planar antenna is defined by a conformal shield layer disposed on a first surface of the mold compound such that the mold compound is disposed between the printed circuit board module and the conformal shield layer. The thickness of the mold compound layer and the shape of the conformal shield layer can be varied to optimize a performance of the antenna.

Abstract: Systems and methods for integrating injection-locked oscillators into transceiver arrays are disclosed. In one aspect, there is provided an injection-locked oscillator (ILO) distribution system including a master clock generator configured to generate a master clock signal. The ILO distribution system also includes an ILO distribution circuit including an ILO and configured to receive the master clock signal. The ILO is configured to generate a reference clock signal based on the master clock signal. The ILO distribution circuit is further configured to generate an output signal indicative of an operating frequency of the ILO. The ILO distribution system further includes an injection-locked detector (ILD) configured to receive the master clock signal and the output signal. The ILD is further configured to determine whether the ILO is in a locked state or in an unlocked state based on the master clock signal and the output signal.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for true power detection are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a power amplifier system includes an antenna, a directional coupler, and a power amplifier electrically connected to the antenna by way of a through line of the directional coupler. The power amplifier system further includes a combiner that combines a first coupled signal from a first end of the directional coupler's coupled line with a second coupled signal from a second end of the directional coupler's coupled line.

Abstract: Systems and methods for integrating injection-locked oscillators into transceiver arrays are disclosed. In one aspect, there is provided an injection-locked oscillator (ILO) distribution system including a master clock generator configured to generate a master clock signal. The ILO distribution system also includes an ILO distribution circuit including an ILO and configured to receive the master clock signal. The ILO is configured to generate a reference clock signal based on the master clock signal. The ILO distribution circuit is further configured to generate an output signal indicative of an operating frequency of the ILO. The ILO distribution system further includes an injection-locked detector (ILD) configured to receive the master clock signal and the output signal. The ILD is further configured to determine whether the ILO is in a locked state or in an unlocked state based on the master clock signal and the output signal.

Abstract: A Radio Frequency (RF) circuit including a receive path, a transmit path, a switching circuit, and an output configured to receive RF signals from an antenna in a receive mode of operation, and to provide RF signals to the antenna in a transmit mode of operation. The receive path is configured to be coupled between a low-noise amplifier and the output. The switching circuit is located in the receive path and is configured, in the receive mode, to selectively couple the low-noise amplifier to the output and to pass the received RF signals from the output to the low-noise amplifier. The transmit path is configured to be coupled between a power amplifier and the output, to provide, in the transmit mode, signals from the power amplifier to the output, bypassing the switching circuit, and to have, in receive mode of operation, an off-state impedance of at least 200+j*13 Ohm.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a package with a conformal shield antenna includes forming a mold compound layer, attaching the mold compound layer to a printed circuit board, applying a conformal shield layer on a first surface of the mold compound layer, the mold compound layer disposed between the conformal shield layer and the printed circuit board module, and shaping the conformal shield layer to define a planar antenna structure. Optionally, the method includes forming a cavity in the mold compound layer, applying a cover layer over the cavity to enclose the cavity and hardening the cover layer.

Abstract: An end-fire antenna for wideband low form factor applications includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a dielectric layer disposed between the first and second metal layers. An open cavity formed in the dielectric layer that is filled with air, the cavity defined by a pair of sidewalls that extend from an aperture of the cavity to a rear wall of the cavity, where the depth of the aperture is defined between the aperture and the rear wall. The cavity is formed by selecting the width of the aperture of the cavity and the depth of the cavity such that the antenna achieves the same gain during operation irrespective of a variation in the thickness of the antenna.