Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device comprising a biosensor having disposed upon it a coating; the coating comprising a polymer matrix; where the polymer matrix is operative to facilitate the inwards and outwards diffusion of analytes and byproducts to and from the sensing element of the biosensor; and a sacrificial moiety; the sacrificial moiety being dispersed in the polymer matrix, where the sacrificial moiety erodes with time and increases the porosity of the polymer matrix thus offsetting decreases in analyte permeability as a result of biofouling.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an analyte sensing device capable of continuously monitoring metabolic levels of a plurality of analytes. The device comprises an external unit, which, for example, could be worn around the wrist like a wristwatch or could be incorporated into a cell phone or PDA device, and an implantable sensor platform that is suitable, for example, for implantation under the skin. The external device and the internal device are in wireless communication. In one embodiment, the external device and the internal device are operationally linked by a feedback system. In one embodiment, the internal device is encapsulated in a biocompatible coating capable of controlling the local tissue environment in order to prevent/minimize inflammation and fibrosis, promote neo-angiogenesis and wound healing and this facilitate device functionality.

Abstract: This invention describes a hermetically sealed package which can be implanted in the body. The package comprise of stacked substrates where surface of one substrate hosts biosensors which are exposed to body fluids to monitor concentrations of substances selected from analytes, metabolites, and proteins, and body physiological parameters. The structure protects from body fluids devices that interface with the biosensor electrodes for electronic data processing, powering, and wireless communication. Biosensor electrodes are electrically connected to various electronic, optoelectronic, MEM devices using novel partial silicon vias (PSVs) that prevents leakage of body fluids. Various devices are located on different substrates which are stacked to save surface area. One of the substrate forms the cover plate which permits light for powering as well as sending receiving coded data including the analyte levels.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device that functions as a glucose sensor. The device has a reference electrode; a counter electrode, a working electrode; an electrically conducting membrane; an enzyme layer; a semi-permeable membrane; a first layer of a first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode; the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen; wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; and a second layer of the second hydrogel. Disclosed too is a method that comprises using periodically biased amperometry towards interrogation of implantable glucose sensors to improve both sensor's sensitivity and linearity while at the same time enable internal calibration against sensor drifts that originate from changes in either electrode activity or membrane permeability as a result of fouling, calcification and/or fibrosis.

Abstract: An implantable, miniaturized platform and a method for fabricating the platform is provided, where the e platform includes a top cover plate and a bottom substrate, top cover plate including an epitaxial, Si-encased substrate and is configured to include monolithically grown devices and device contact pads, the Si-encased substrate cover plate including a gold perimeter fence deposited on its Si covered outer rim and wherein the bottom substrate is constructed of Si and includes a plurality of partial-Si-vias (PSVs), electronic integrated circuits, device pads, pad interconnects and a gold perimeter fence, wherein the device pads are aligned with a respective device contact pad on the top cover plate and includes gold bumps having a predetermined height, the top cover plate and the bottom substrate being flip-chip bonded to provide a perimeter seal and to ensure electrical connectivity between the plurality of internal devices and at least one external component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device that functions as a glucose sensor. The device has a reference electrode; a counter electrode, a working electrode; an electrically conducting membrane; an enzyme layer; a semi-permeable membrane; a first layer of a first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode; the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen; wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; and a second layer of the second hydrogel. Disclosed too is a method that comprises using periodically biased amperometry towards interrogation of implantable glucose sensors to improve both sensor's sensitivity and linearity while at the same time enable internal calibration against sensor drifts that originate from changes in either electrode activity or membrane permeability as a result of fouling, calcification and/or fibrosis.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device comprising a source region, a drain region and a gate layer; the source region, the drain region and the gate layer being disposed on a semiconductor host; the gate layer being disposed between source and drain regions; the gate layer comprising a first gate-insulator layer; a gate layer comprising carbon nanotubes and/or graphene. Disclosed herein too is a method comprising disposing a source region, a drain region and a gate layer on a semiconductor host; the gate layer being disposed between the source region and the drain region; the gate layer comprising carbon nanotubes and/or graphene.

Abstract: A biosensor comprises a substrate; a reference electrode; a working electrode; a counter electrode; and a plurality of permeability adjusting spacers. The reference electrode, the working electrode and the plurality of permeability adjusting spacers are all being disposed to be substantially parallel to each other to create a plurality of enzyme containing porous sections. The enzyme containing porous sections contain an enzyme; where the enzyme is operative to react with a metabolite to determine the concentration of the metabolite. By combining a number of the aforementioned biosensors, the differential concentration of a target enzyme or protein is determined by monitoring the changes on its metabolite substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device comprising a biosensor having disposed upon it a coating; the coating comprising a polymer matrix; where the polymer matrix is operative to facilitate the inwards and outwards diffusion of analytes and byproducts to and from the sensing element of the biosensor; and a sacrificial moiety; the sacrificial moiety being dispersed in the polymer matrix, where the sacrificial moiety erodes with time and increases the porosity of the polymer matrix thus offsetting decreases in analyte permeability as a result of biofouling.

Abstract: An implantable, miniaturized platform and a method for fabricating the platform is provided, where the e platform includes a top cover plate and a bottom substrate, top cover plate including an epitaxial, Si-encased substrate and is configured to include monolithically grown devices and device contact pads, the Si-encased substrate cover plate including a gold perimeter fence deposited on its Si covered outer rim and wherein the bottom substrate is constructed of Si and includes a plurality of partial-Si-vias (PSVs), electronic integrated circuits, device pads, pad interconnects and a gold perimeter fence, wherein the device pads are aligned with a respective device contact pad on the top cover plate and includes gold bumps having a predetermined height, the top cover plate and the bottom substrate being flip-chip bonded to provide a perimeter seal and to ensure electrical connectivity between the plurality of internal devices and at least one external component.

Abstract: An implantable device for measuring biological information of a body is provided, wherein the implantable device includes a receiver for receiving electromagnetic energy and converting the electromagnetic energy into electrical energy; a storage capacitor associated with the receiver such that the electrical energy from the receiver is stored in the storage capacitor; a biological sensor; a processing device; and a transmitter, wherein the biological sensor, processing device and transmitter are configured to receive electrical energy from the storage capacitor, and wherein the biological sensor, processing device and transmitter are configured such that when the receiver is receiving electromagnetic energy, the biological sensor, processing device and transmitter are inactive and when the receiver is not receiving electromagnetic energy, the biological sensor, processing device and transmitter are inactive.

Abstract: Disclosed herein too is a method that includes dispersing nanotubes in media that comprises flavin moieties substituted with solubilizing side chains, and/or non-flavin containing molecular species; self-assembling the flavin moieties and other non-flavin containing molecular species in a pattern that is orderly wrapped around the nanotubes to form a composite; introducing desired amounts of an optional reagent that competes with self-assembly in order to disturb the wrapping around nanotubes with moderate order; and centrifuging the mass of the nanotubes and the composites to extract the composite from other nanotubes that are not in composite form.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a sensor comprising a conduit; the conduit comprising an organic polymer; a working electrode; the working electrode being etched and decorated with a nanostructured material; a reference electrode; and a counter electrode; the working electrode, the reference electrode and the counter electrode being disposed in the conduit; the working electrode, the reference electrode and the counter electrode being separated from each other by an electrically insulating material; and wherein a cross-sectional area of the conduit that comprises a section of the working electrode, a section of the reference electrode and a section of the counter electrode is exposed to detect analytes.

Abstract: A biosensor comprises a substrate; a reference electrode; a working electrode; a counter electrode; and a plurality of permeability adjusting spacers. The reference electrode, the working electrode and the plurality of permeability adjusting spacers are all being disposed to be substantially parallel to each other to create a plurality of enzyme containing porous sections. The enzyme containing porous sections contain an enzyme; where the enzyme is operative to react with a metabolite to determine the concentration of the metabolite. By combining a number of the aforementioned biosensors, the differential concentration of a target enzyme or protein is determined by monitoring the changes on its metabolite substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed herein too is a method that includes dispersing nanotubes in media that comprises flavin moieties substituted with solubilizing side chains, and/or non-flavin containing molecular species; self-assembling the flavin moieties and other non-flavin containing molecular species in a pattern that is orderly wrapped around the nanotubes to form a composite; introducing desired amounts of an optional reagent that competes with self-assembly in order to disturb the wrapping around nanotubes with moderate order; and centrifuging the mass of the nanotubes and the composites to extract the composite from other nanotubes that are not in composite form.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device comprising a source region, a drain region and a gate layer; the source region, the drain region and the gate layer being disposed on a semiconductor host; the gate layer being disposed between source and drain regions; the gate layer comprising a first gate-insulator layer; a gate layer comprising carbon nanotubes and/or graphene. Disclosed herein too is a method comprising disposing a source region, a drain region and a gate layer on a semiconductor host; the gate layer being disposed between the source region and the drain region; the gate layer comprising carbon nanotubes and/or graphene.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device that functions as a glucose sensor. The device has a reference electrode; a counter electrode, a working electrode; an electrically conducting membrane; an enzyme layer; a semi-permeable membrane; a first layer of a first hydrogel in operative communication with the working electrode; the first layer of the first hydrogel being operative to store oxygen; wherein the amount of stored oxygen is proportional to the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the hydrogel is subjected to; and a second layer of the second hydrogel. Disclosed too is a method that comprises using periodically biased amperometry towards interrogation of implantable glucose sensors to improve both sensor's sensitivity and linearity while at the same time enable internal calibration against sensor drifts that originate from changes in either electrode activity or membrane permeability as a result of fouling, calcification and/or fibrosis.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an analyte sensing device capable of continuously monitoring metabolic levels of a plurality of analytes. The device comprises an external unit, which, for example, could be worn around the wrist like a wristwatch or could be incorporated into a cell phone or PDA device, and an implantable sensor platform that is suitable, for example, for implantation under the skin. The external device and the internal device are in wireless communication. In one embodiment, the external device and the internal device are operationally linked by a feedback system. In one embodiment, the internal device is encapsulated in a biocompatible coating capable of controlling the local tissue environment in order to prevent/minimize inflammation and fibrosis, promote neo-angiogenesis and wound healing and this facilitate device functionality.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of self-assembling nanoparticles on specific sites of a substrate. The method generally includes introducing a p-type dopant species to at least a portion of an n-type substrate or introducing an n-type dopant species to at least a portion of a p-type substrate, wherein the dopant species creates a surface charge opposite in polarity to that of the substrate surface prior to the introducing; contacting the nanoparticles with the surface of the substrate; and self-assembling a layer of the nanoparticles on p-type regions of the substrate. The methods described herein may be used in the formation of sub-22 nanometer channels, which find use in field-effect transistors, electronic chips, nanoscale biosensors, photonic band gap devices, lasers in optoelectronics and photonics chips, as well as nano-electro-mechanical devices (NEMS).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of self-assembling nanoparticles on specific sites of a substrate. The method generally includes introducing a p-type dopant species to at least a portion of an n-type substrate or introducing an n-type dopant species to at least a portion of a p-type substrate, wherein the dopant species creates a surface charge opposite in polarity to that of the substrate surface prior to the introducing; contacting the nanoparticles with the surface of the substrate; and self-assembling a layer of the nanoparticles on p-type regions of the substrate. The methods described herein may be used in the formation of sub-22 nanometer channels, which find use in field-effect transistors, electronic chips, nanoscale biosensors, photonic band gap devices, lasers in optoelectronics and photonics chips, as well as nano-electro-mechanical devices (NEMS).