Abstract: Hydrothermal oxidation of organic compounds, optionally with oxidizable inorganic compounds, is contained in an aqueous effluent. The aqueous effluent is injected within a tubular reactor and brought to supercritical pressure, and temperature is increased to a supercritical temperature, without any intermediate decrease in temperature, by introducing sufficient amounts of oxidizing agent within the tubular for totally oxidizing the organic compounds, and optionally for partly oxidizing oxidizable inorganic compounds. The oxidizing agent is introduced in a fractionated way in several points increasingly located downstream, and the composition and/or the concentration of the organic compounds and/or oxidizable organic compounds within the effluent to be treated varies over time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for hydrothermal oxidation of organic compounds, optionally with oxidizable inorganic compounds, contained in an aqueous effluent, wherein said aqueous effluent is injected within a tubular reactor wherein the effluent is brought to a supercritical pressure and wherein the temperature of the effluent is gradually increased from its initial temperature up to a supercritical temperature, without any intermediate decrease in temperature, by introducing within said tubular reactor a sufficient amount of oxidizing agent for totally oxidizing the organic compounds and optionally for at least partly oxidizing oxidizable inorganic compounds, the oxidizing agent being introduced in a fractionated way in several points increasingly located downstream, and wherein the composition and/or the concentration of the organic compounds and/or oxidizable organic compounds within the effluent to be treated varies over time, and, upstream from the tubular reactor wherein oxidation is car

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a particle-based composition, comprising: (i) bringing into contact a mixture comprising a dendritic structure and a metal compound precursor in a fluid, under temperature and pressure conditions such that the mixture is not soluble in the fluid; and (ii) chemically converting the metal compound precursor.

Abstract: Subjects of the present invention are: a method of desensitizing crystals of an energetic explosive substance by coating them, said method comprising the deposition, carried out within a fluid, outside the normal temperature and pressure conditions, preferably under supercritical conditions, of a metal and/or polymer film, advantageously of a metal film or of a polymer film, on the surface of said crystals, the metal(s) and/or polymer(s) in question having been firstly dissolved in a solvent; the coated crystals of an energetic explosive substance obtainable by said method; and the energetic materials containing said crystals coated by said method and/or said crystals desensitized by said method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing an aqueous effluent (E) containing in solution at least one type of metal (M) nitrite or nitrate whose oxide is stable in an aqueous medium consisting (I) in introducing cations NH4+ in aqueous solution, generally in the form of an aqueous ammonia solution, into the aqueous effluent and, subsequently (II) in processing the obtainable medium at a temperature ranging from 100 to 700° C. and a pressure of 1-50 MPa (i.e. from 10 to 500 bar), thereby converting the metal (M) nitrite or nitrate into metal (M) oxide, nitrogen and water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a particle-based composition, comprising: (i) bringing into contact a mixture comprising a dendritic structure and a metal compound precursor in a fluid, under temperature and pressure conditions such that the mixture is not soluble in the fluid; and (ii) chemically converting the metal compound precursor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing an aqueous effluent (E) containing in solution at least one type of metal (M) nitrite or nitrate whose oxide is stable in an aqueous medium consisting (I) in introducing cations NH4+ in aqueous solution, generally in the form of an aqueous ammonia solution, into the aqueous effluent and, subsequently (II) in processing the obtainable medium at a temperature ranging from 100 to 700° C. and a pressure of 1-50 MPa (i.e. from 10 to 500 bar), thereby converting the metal (M) nitrite or nitrate into metal (M) oxide, nitrogen and water.

Abstract: A method for starting up a system for oxidating organic bodies. The system includes a tubular body wherein an aqueous body is injected into the inlet thereof at a pressure P1, the tubular body having a first zone extending the inlet thereof, a second zone into which an oxidating compound can be injected into the output thereof. The inventive method includes the following steps: a first amount of thermal energy Q1 is provided in the first zone, the amount of thermal energy being able to raise the temperature of the liquid flowing through the tubular body from an initial temperature to a higher temperature T1; and a determined amount of a combustible mixture which can react at the intermediate temperature T1 in order to provide an amount of thermal energy Q2 bringing the temperature of the liquid to a reaction temperature T2 is injected.

Abstract: A method for starting up a system for oxidating organic bodies. The system includes a tubular body wherein an aqueous body is injected into the inlet thereof at a pressure P1, the tubular body having a first zone extending the inlet thereof, a second zone into which an oxidating compound can be injected into the output thereof. The inventive method includes the following steps: a first amount of thermal energy Q1 is provided in the first zone, the amount of thermal energy being able to raise the temperature of the liquid flowing through the tubular body from an initial temperature to a higher temperature T1; and a determined amount of a combustible mixture which can react at the intermediate temperature T1 in order to provide an amount of thermal energy Q2 bringing the temperature of the liquid to a reaction temperature T2 is injected.

Abstract: A method for starting up a system for oxidating organic bodies. The system includes a tubular body wherein an aqueous body is injected into the inlet thereof at a pressure P1 the tubular body having a first zone extending the inlet thereof, a second zone into which an oxidating compound can be injected into the output thereof. The inventive method includes the following steps: a first amount of thermal energy Q1 is provided in the first zone, the amount of thermal energy being able to raise the temperature of the liquid flowing through the tubular body from an initial temperature to a higher temperature T1; and a determined amount of a combustible mixture which can react at the intermediate temperature T1 in order to provide an amount of thermal energy Q2 bringing the temperature of the liquid to a reaction temperature T2 is injected.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing organic matter contained in an aqueous effluent and an installation for implementing the method. The method comprises the following steps: injecting into a tubular body the aqueous effluent; bringing the aqueous effluent to a pressure P1, corresponding to the critical pressure of the aqueous effluent; bringing the aqueous effluent to a temperature T1; and injecting into the tubular body at n points spaced apart from one another, n fractions of at least an oxidizing composition, so that a portion of the thermal energy produced by the oxidation reaction increases the temperature of the reaction mixture from said temperature T1 to temperature T2>T1 according to an increasing curve, whereby the organic matter is oxidized, the reaction mixture continuously developing from a sub-critical liquid state to the supercritical domain.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for starting up a system for oxidating organic bodies. Said system comprises a tubular body (10) wherein an aqueous body is injected into the inlet (12) thereof at a pressure P1, said tubular body (10) having a first zone (16) extending the inlet (12) thereof, a second zone (18) into which an oxidating compound can be injected into the output (14) thereof. The inventive method comprises the following steps: a first amount of thermal energy Q1 is provided in the first zone (16), said amount of thermal energy being able to raise the temperature of the liquid flowing through said tubular body (10) from an initial temperature to a higher temperature T1; and a determined amount of a combustible mixture which can react at said intermediate temperature T1 in order to provide an amount of thermal energy Q2 bringing the temperature of said liquid to a reaction temperature is injected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for the conversion of chemical structures where the system contains a reservoir reactor having a first lower zone where high solubility of at least one salt in a solvent is maintained under first conditions of pressure and temperature, a second upper zone for precipitating at least one salt under second conditions of pressure and temperature, means for maintaining the first and second conditions of temperature and pressure, means for generating ultrasound, and means for forming a solvent in the lower part of the reservoir reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating particles and particles thus obtained. According to the inventive method, the particles that are to be coated and at least one organo-metallic complex precursor of the coating material are brought into contact with each other in a liquid containing one or several solvents, whereby said particles are maintained in a dispersion in the liquid which is subjected to temperature conditions and supercritical pressure or slightly sub-critical pressure conditions; the precursor of the coating material is transformed in such a way that it is deposited onto the particles, whereupon the liquid is placed in temperature and pressure conditions so that it can eliminate the solvent in a gaseous state. The invention can be used to coat nanometric particles in particular.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for oxidising organic matter contained in an aqueous effluent and an installation for implementing said method. Said method comprises the following steps: injecting into a tubular body said aqueous effluent; bringing said aqueous effluent to a pressure P1, corresponding to the critical pressure of said aqueous effluent; bringing said aqueous effluent to a temperature T1; and injecting into said tubular body at n points spaced apart from one another, n fractions of at least an oxidising composition, so that a portion of the thermal energy produced by the oxidation reaction increases the temperature of the reaction mixture from said temperature T1 to temperature T2>T1 according to an increasing curve, whereby said organic matter is oxidised, said reaction mixture continuously developing from a sub-critical liquid state to the supercritical domain.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating particles thus obtained. According to the inventive method, the particles that are to be coated and at least one organo-metallic complex precursor of the coating material are brought into contact with each other in a liquid containing one or several solvents, whereby said particles are maintained in a dispersion in the liquid which is subjected to temperature conditions and supercritical pressure or slightly sub-critical pressure conditions; the precursor of the coating material is transformed in such a way that it is deposited onto the particles, whereupon the liquid is placed in temperature and pressure conditions so that it can eliminate the solvent in a gaseous state. The invention can be used to coat nanometric particles in paticular.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for converting chemical structures, that is to say a process for the conducting of chemical reactions in a fluid under pressure and at temperature in a supercritical fluid in particular, containing a solvent and at least one electrolyte such as a salt, in which reactive species are generated in situ by electrolysis. According to the invention, the fluid flows upwards in a reservoir reactor crossing through a first lower electrolysis zone with high salt solubility and a second upper zone in which the salts precipitate, then the fluid free of salt is evacuated at the upper part of said reservoir reactor and directed into a second tubular reactor to reach the desired stage of advancement of the conversion.