Abstract: A deformable bracing rod is disclosed for holding a lower crossmember of a windshield opening of a motor vehicle. The deformable bracing rod (200) has rigid end portions (203, 204), respectively attached to the windshield opening lower crossmember (301) and to another element (102) of the body of the vehicle, and a flexible central portion (203) connecting the two rigid end portions. It makes it possible to design a collapsible lower crossmember of a windshield opening which yields in the event of an impact so as to damp the impact experienced by the head of a pedestrian, while maintaining the level of acoustic and vibrational performance.

Abstract: A string of K initial symbols is encoded with a code of the parity check type. The K initial symbols belong to a Galois field of order q strictly greater than 2. The code is defined by code characteristics representable by a graph (GRH) comprising N?K first nodes (NCi), each node satisfying a parity check equation defined on the Galois field of order q, N packets of intermediate nodes (NITi) and NI second nodes (NSSi), each intermediate node being linked to a single first node and to several second nodes by way of a connection scheme. The string of K initial symbols is encoded by using the said code characteristics and a string of N encoded symbols is obtained, respectively subdivided into NI sub-symbols belonging respectively to mathematical sets whose orders are less than q, according to a subdivision scheme representative of the connection scheme (?).

Abstract: A string of K initial symbols is encoded with a code of the parity check type. The K initial symbols belong to a Galois field of order q strictly greater than 2. The code is defined by code characteristics representable by a graph (GRH) comprising N?K first nodes (NCi), each node satisfying a parity check equation defined on the Galois field of order q, N packets of intermediate nodes (NITi) and NI second nodes (NSSi), each intermediate node being linked to a single first node and to several second nodes by way of a connection scheme. The string of K initial symbols is encoded by using the said code characteristics and a string of N encoded symbols is obtained, respectively subdivided into NI sub-symbols belonging respectively to mathematical sets whose orders are less than q, according to a subdivision scheme representative of the connection scheme (H).

Abstract: A manufacturing process for a remelt block containing aluminum designed for making aluminum alloy for the aircraft industry in which scrap containing mainly aluminum alloys used in the aircraft industry is supplied during a supply stage, the scrap is melted in a smelting furnace in order to obtain an initial molten metal bath during a smelting stage, the initial molten metal bath is subjected to purification by fractional crystallization in order to obtain a solidified mass and a bath of residual liquid during a segregation stage, and the solidified mass is recovered in order to obtain a remelt block during a recovery stage. The invention is particularly useful for the recycling of aluminum alloys used in the aircraft industry as it makes it possible to purify scrap of series 2XXX or series 7XXX alloys for iron and silicon, without eliminating additive elements such as zinc, copper and magnesium.

Abstract: A manufacturing process for a remelt block containing aluminum designed for making aluminum alloy for the aircraft industry in which scrap containing mainly aluminum alloys used in the aircraft industry is supplied during a supply stage, the scrap is melted in a smelting furnace in order to obtain an initial molten metal bath during a smelting stage, the initial molten metal bath is subjected to purification by fractional crystallization in order to obtain a solidified mass and a bath of residual liquid during a segregation stage, and the solidified mass is recovered in order to obtain a remelt block during a recovery stage. The invention is particularly useful for the recycling of aluminum alloys used in the aircraft industry as it makes it possible to purify scrap of series 2XXX or series 7XXX alloys for iron and silicon, without eliminating additive elements such as zinc, copper and magnesium.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for melting scrap of an aluminum alloy containing lithium. The steps include providing scrap containing aluminum-lithium-type alloys, preparing an initial liquid metal bed of a first composition in a smelting oven, loading the scrap onto the initial liquid metal bed so as to create a floating layer of the scrap with a controlled thickness at the surface of the liquid metal bed, partially melting the floating layer via contact with the metal bed so as to obtain a liquid metal bath having a second composition, and removing the liquid metal from the second composition of the liquid metal bath. The method has technical and economic advantages. It does not require investment in a particular installation and it requires minimal use of expensive expendable materials such as inert gas, because the formation of a floating layer having a controlled thickness makes it possible to effectively protect the surface of the liquid metal from oxidation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for melting scrap of an aluminum alloy containing lithium. The steps include providing scrap containing aluminum-lithium-type alloys, preparing an initial liquid metal bed of a first composition in a smelting oven, loading the scrap onto the initial liquid metal bed so as to create a floating layer of the scrap with a controlled thickness at the surface of the liquid metal bed, partially melting the floating layer via contact with the metal bed so as to obtain a liquid metal bath having a second composition, and removing the liquid metal from the second composition of the liquid metal bath. The method has technical and economic advantages. It does not require investment in a particular installation and it requires minimal use of expensive expendable materials such as inert gas, because the formation of a floating layer having a controlled thickness makes it possible to effectively protect the surface of the liquid metal from oxidation.

Abstract: A manufacturing process for an intermediate product made of a predetermined 7000 series alloy having a target content of at least one first anti-recrystallizing element Z1 selected from the group consisting of Zr and Cr. This process enables effective recycling of scrap, particularly machining scrap made of 7000 series alloys, in the manufacture of intermediated products with high added value.

Abstract: A mold for plastics made of a rolled, extruded or forged AlZnMgCu aluminum alloy product >60 mm thick, and having a composition including, in weight %: 5.7 < Zn < 8.7 1.7 < Mg < 2.5 1.2 < Cu < 2.2 Fe < 0.14 Si < 0.11 0.05 < Zr < 0.15 Mn < 0.02 Cr < 0.02 with Cu+Mg<4.1 and Mg>Cu, other elements<0.05 each and<0.10 in total, the product being treated by solution heat treating, quenching and aging to a T6 temper.

Abstract: A manufacturing process for an intermediate product made of a predetermined 7000 series alloy having a target content of at least one first anti-recrystallizing element Z1 selected from the group consisting of Zr and Cr. The product is produced by the steps of: a) supplying machining scrap including at least one second 7000 series alloy having a target content of at least one second anti-recrystallizing element Z2 selected from the group consisting of Zr and Cr, in an amount greater than a maximum accepted content of Z2 in the predetermined alloy; b) conducting at least one refining step of said scrap to reduce the amount of Z2 to a value below the maximum accepted content of Z2 in the predetermined alloy; c) producing a batch of liquid metal having nominal composition, in part or in whole, from the refined scrap; and d) forming the product by casting the liquid metal.

Abstract: A rolled, forged or extruded AlZnMgCu alloy product, used to manufacture structural elements for aircraft, particularly wing spars. The product is greater than 60 mm thick, and has a composition (% by weight):5.7<Zn<8.71.7<Mg<2.51.2<Cu<2.20.07<Fe<0.14Si<0.110.05<Zr<0.15Mn<0.02Cr<0.02with Cu+Mg<4.1, and Mg>Cu,other elements <0.05 each and <0.10 in total. The product is treated by solution heat treating, quenching and possibly aging, and has in the treated T7451 or T7452 temper the following properties:a) a yield strength measured at quarter-thickness>400 MPa in the L and TL directions,b) toughness under plane strain in the S-L direction>26 MPa.sqroot.m and in the L-T direction >74-0.08e-0.07R.sub.0.2L MPa.sqroot.m (e=thickness in mm), andc) a stress corrosion threshold>240 MPa.

Abstract: A transportable grandstand or bleachers designed for seating of persons has a trailer frame mounted on wheels and a tongue or other towing arrangement. A first "top" group of tiers is permanently mounted on the frame and a second "bottom" group of tiers is hingedly jointed on the first group on a hinge axis parallel to the length of the tiers. The second group can be swung about this axis to a travelling position where the second group is folded atop the first group, and can be unfolded into a position for use. The first and second groups of tiers each have a generally hollow prismatic or tubular structure, with similarly shaped inside groups of tiers disposed therewithin. The first and second groups of tiers serve as outside groups and house the associated inside groups of tiers therewithin. The inside groups can be slid laterally out from within said outside groups, in a telescoping fashion, to increase the seating capacity of the arrangement.