Abstract: The disclosure relates to a specific yeast allele of KIN3 that is involved in maximal alcohol accumulation and/or in tolerance to high alcohol levels. Preferably, the alcohol is ethanol. In a preferred embodiment, this specific allele is combined with specific alleles of ADE1 and/or VPS70. More specifically, the disclosure relates to the use of these alleles for the construction and/or selection of high alcohol tolerant yeasts, by stacking of positive alleles, or the selection and construction of low alcohol producing yeasts by stacking of negative alleles.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a specific yeast allele of KIN3 that is involved in maximal alcohol accumulation and/or in tolerance to high alcohol levels. Preferably, the alcohol is ethanol. In a preferred embodiment, this specific allele is combined with specific alleles of ADE1 and/or VPS70. More specifically, the disclosure relates to the use of these alleles for the construction and/or selection of high alcohol tolerant yeasts, by stacking of positive alleles, or the selection and construction of low alcohol producing yeasts by stacking of negative alleles.

Abstract: A method for genetic mapping in eukaryotic organisms is described, comprising: multiple artificial DNA oligonucleotides being introduced in neutral positions into the genome of a single strain of the organism to create an artificially marked strain. This strain contains many specific markers, either composed solely of the inserted oligonucleotides or composed of inserted oligonucleotide(s) and part of the adjacent DNA sequence. The artificially marked strain is crossed with another strain displaying one or more distinct traits. The DNA of segregants from the cross displaying a specific trait is pooled and the presence of the artificial markers in the pooled DNA is detected. The genetic map position of all genes involved in establishing the trait is indicated by a drop in signal intensity for the artificial markers located closest to these genes. The method allows the use of isogenic strains for genetic mapping.

Abstract: The invention relates to new eukaryotic strains, preferably yeast strains, having the new fil phenotype, i.e. having the unexpected property of conserving good stress resistance in fermentation and/or growth phase, while conserving normal respiratory and fermentation metabolism on fermentable sugars such as glucose.