Abstract: A method (100) of end-to-end path computation across a plurality of domains (20) in a communication network comprises receiving (101) a request for a path across the plurality of domains. The method comprises computing (110) in a network control entity (50) the end-to-end path across the plurality of domains as part of a hierarchical path computation. Computing the end-to-end path comprises determining if a stored path corresponding to at least a part of the end-to-end path matches one or more criteria of the end-to-end path, and if so, using the stored path for the end-to-end path computation. The method further comprises transmitting (120) information indicating at least part of the stored path to a domain control entity (30) configured to control a said one of the plurality of domains involved in the end-to-end path.

Abstract: There is provided an air filter for use in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, the air filter including: a front portion comprising a molded filtering material, the molded filtering material defining a plurality of pockets arranged over a front face of the front portion; and a rear portion joined to the front portion, the rear portion defining a plurality of holes therethrough.

Abstract: An operating method for a vehicle includes the steps of measurement of a filling level of a liquid, assignment of a measured filling level to a closest filling level threshold from a multiplicity of known filling level thresholds, wherein each filling level threshold represents a defined filling value, activation of at least one filling level threshold from the multiplicity of filling level thresholds by means of the measuring device, ascertainment of the frequention of an activation of a filling level threshold and/or a frequention of an assignment of a measured filling level to a closest filling level threshold, and determination of the filling level threshold which has a maximum frequention relative to a defined period of time. A realistic filling value is determined from which measuring errors which arise are eliminated.

Abstract: An operating method for a vehicle includes the steps of measurement of a filling level of a liquid, assignment of a measured filling level to a closest filling level threshold from a multiplicity of known filling level thresholds, wherein each filling level threshold represents a defined filling value, activation of at least one filling level threshold from the multiplicity of filling level thresholds by means of the measuring device, ascertainment of the frequention of an activation of a filling level threshold and/or a frequention of an assignment of a measured filling level to a closest filling level threshold, and determination of the filling level threshold which has a maximum frequention relative to a defined period of time. A realistic filling value is determined from which measuring errors which arise are eliminated.