Abstract: A volume phase holographic grating includes two cover shields and a holographic optical member. The holographic optical member is created by taking gel and having two lasers interfere with each other on the gel such that a pattern is created on the gel. The optical member placed between the two cover shields such that the optical member is protected.

Abstract: A method for measuring magnetic field gradients that includes laser cooling atoms in a dark spot magneto-optical trap with an illuminated part, releasing the atoms, laser cooling the sample of atoms a second time, dividing the sample of atoms in half such that the first half of atoms are in the illuminated part of the trap, tossing the first half of atoms, leaving the second half of atoms behind, obtaining a RamanRaman spectrum from the first half of atoms and the second half of atoms and obtaining magnetic field measurements of the first half of atoms and the second half of atoms, and calculating a magnetic field gradient by subtracting the magnetic field measurements of the first half of atoms from the second half of atoms, then dividing the difference by the separation of the first half of atoms and the second half of atoms.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for simultaneously measuring magnetic/magnetic gradient and gravitational fields using atom interferometers includes the steps of releasing laser cooled atoms from a trap, further cooling the released atoms, launching the atoms vertically, preparing the atoms into well-known atomic states, measuring gravity from the atoms as the atoms travel upward, and measuring the magnetic field of the atoms the begin to fall.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a modulated which includes a semiconductor laser being driven by direct current for frequency tuning, and an AC current with two radio frequencies that can generate repump and Raman frequencies, such that only one laser is needed to produce all the frequencies required to operate an atom interferometer. The present invention is also directed to a method of double modulating a laser to produce all required frequencies for an atom interferometer.