Abstract: Methods and systems for processing seismic data are presented. Primary wave (P) seismic data (PP data) and shear wave (P) seismic data (PS data) are jointly inverted as part of a nonlinear tomography process which adheres to one or more co-depthing constraints.

Abstract: A wind turbine and method are provided for defining a plurality of thrust limits for the wind turbine located at a site and having a rotor with rotor blades, wherein the thrust limits define values of aerodynamic thrust on the rotor not to be exceeded in operation. The method includes providing a wind speed distribution representative for the site and defining one or more isolines of constant turbulence probability representing a turbulence parameter as a function of wind speed. The isolines correspond to quantile levels of turbulence of the wind speed distribution and the turbulence parameter is indicative of wind speed variation. The turbulence parameter is determined by continuously measuring wind speed upstream of the rotor with an active sensing system and calculating the wind speed variations from the measured wind speed. Turbulence ranges are defined with respect to the isolines and thrust limits are defined for the turbulence ranges.

Abstract: A wind turbine and method are provided for defining a plurality of thrust limits for the wind turbine located at a site and having a rotor with rotor blades, wherein the thrust limits define values of aerodynamic thrust on the rotor not to be exceeded in operation. The method includes providing a wind speed distribution representative for the site and defining one or more isolines of constant turbulence probability representing a turbulence parameter as a function of wind speed. The isolines correspond to quantile levels of turbulence of the wind speed distribution and the turbulence parameter is indicative of wind speed variation. The turbulence parameter is determined by continuously measuring wind speed upstream of the rotor with an active sensing system and calculating the wind speed variations from the measured wind speed. Turbulence ranges are defined with respect to the isolines and thrust limits are defined for the turbulence ranges.

Abstract: A method for reducing extreme loads acting on at least one rotor blade of a wind turbine includes calculating, via a processor, a flapwise bending moment of the rotor blade(s). Further, the method includes calculating, via the processor, an edgewise bending moment of the rotor blade(s). The method also includes calculating, via the processor, an average load envelope of a blade root bending moment of the rotor blade(s) as a function of the flapwise bending moment and the edgewise bending moment of the rotor blade(s). Moreover, the method includes calculating, via the processor, an overall load envelope of the blade root bending moment of the rotor blade(s) as a function of the average load envelope and a future load estimation of the blade root bending moment of the rotor blade(s). As such, the method also includes implementing, via the processor, a control action when the overall load envelope is above a certain threshold.

Abstract: A method for defining a plurality of thrust limits for a wind turbine having a rotor with a plurality of blades and being located at a site. The thrust limits define values of aerodynamic thrust on the rotor not to be exceeded in operation. The method comprises providing a wind speed distribution representative for the site, and defining a plurality of isolines of constant turbulence probability representing a turbulence parameter as a function of wind speed. The turbulence parameter is indicative of wind speed variation. The isolines correspond to quantile levels of turbulence of the wind speed distribution. Turbulence ranges may be defined with respect to the isolines and thrust limits can be defined for the turbulence ranges. The disclosure also relates to methods of operating wind turbines using thrust limits and to wind turbines with suitable control systems.

Abstract: Computing device, computer instructions and method for calculating an image of a subsurface based on least square migration and image de-convolution using a matching operator F. The method includes receiving seismic data d; computing a first image m of the subsurface based on the seismic data d; computing a second image h of the subsurface based on the first image m; applying a transform operation to the first and second images m and h to obtain a first transform of the first image and a second transform of the second image; calculating the matching operator F by matching the first transform of the first image to the second transform of the second image; and generating an updated image mupdated of the subsurface based on the matching operator F and the first transform of the first image.

Abstract: A method for obtaining an image of an explored subsurface formation. The method includes receiving seismic data, wherein the seismic data is associated with a source or a seismic sensor placed in a well; forward propagating a first wavelet from the source using a first velocity model; backward propagating a second wavelet from the seismic sensor using a second velocity model, which is different from the first velocity model; and applying an imaging condition to the forward propagated first wavelet and the backward propagated second wavelet to calculate a reflectivity of the subsurface.

Abstract: An objective function is disclosed that extracts the velocity error information directly in the image domain without computing common-image gathers. Because of the dimensionality of the problem, gradient-based methods (such as the conjugate-gradient algorithm) are used in the optimization procedure. In order to include the full complexity of the wavefield in the velocity estimation algorithm, a two-way (as opposed to one-way) wave operator is considered, where the imaging operator is not linearized with respect to the model parameters (as in linearized wave-equation migration velocity analysis), and the gradient of the objective function is determined using the adjoint-state method. The velocity estimation methodology is illustrated with a few synthetic examples.

Abstract: Computing device, computer instructions and method for calculating an image of a subsurface based on least square migration and image de-convolution using a matching operator F. The method includes receiving seismic data d; computing a first image m of the subsurface based on the seismic data d; computing a second image h of the subsurface based on the first image m; applying a transform operation to the first and second images m and h to obtain a first transform of the first image and a second transform of the second image; calculating the matching operator F by matching the first transform of the first image to the second transform of the second image; and generating an updated image mupdated of the subsurface based on the matching operator F and the first transform of the first image.

Abstract: Methods and systems for processing seismic data are presented. Primary wave (P) seismic data (PP data) and shear wave (P) seismic data (PS data) are jointly inverted as part of a nonlinear tomography process which adheres to one or more co-depthing constraints.

Abstract: An objective function is disclosed that extracts the velocity error information directly in the image domain without computing common-image gathers. Because of the dimensionality of the problem, gradient-based methods (such as the conjugate-gradient algorithm) are used in the optimization procedure. In order to include the full complexity of the wavefield in the velocity estimation algorithm, a two-way (as opposed to one-way) wave operator is considered, where the imaging operator is not linearized with respect to the model parameters (as in linearized wave-equation migration velocity analysis), and the gradient of the objective function is determined using the adjoint-state method. The velocity estimation methodology is illustrated with a few synthetic examples.

Abstract: A jack module sized to occupy only a portion of a telecommunications chassis. The jack module includes a front jack mount, a plurality of jacks and a rear connector mount. The rear connector mount supports a plurality of connectors. The connectors include housings defining ports for receiving plugs. In certain embodiments, the connectors can include RJ-45 connectors.

Abstract: A jack module sized to occupy only a portion of a telecommunications chassis. The jack module includes a front jack mount, a plurality of jacks and a rear connector mount. The rear connector mount supports a plurality of connectors. The connectors include housings defining ports for receiving plugs. In certain embodiments, the connectors can include RJ-45 connectors.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for the regulation and control of the angle of advance in the ignition unit of an internal combustion engine, which is based on the use of a properly programmed microprocessor unit which receives the input data from a set of detectors of engine parameters, processes them and finally delivers output data representative of the regulated magnitude, that is, of the angle of advance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a regulation and control system for the fuel feeding unit of an internal combustion engine, said system being based on the use of a microprocessing unit which has properly been programmed. A set of detectors of engine parameters supplies the microprocessing unit with a set of input data which are processed in the processing unit and converted into a set of output data which are representative of the regulated magnitudes, more exactly of the duration and phase setting of the fuel feed.