Patents by Inventor Francis Defendini
Francis Defendini has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 5889608Abstract: This invention relates to an electrically controllable solar building pane composed of two panels spaced apart by a layer of an intermediate gas, the panel facing towards the outside of the building being constituted of a variable transmission system of the electrochromic type comprising two transparent substrates composed, notably, of glass sheets, joined together by an ion-conducting organic polymer and coated on the jointing face with transparent electrically conducting films and films of anodic and cathodic electrochromic materials.Type: GrantFiled: June 12, 1997Date of Patent: March 30, 1999Assignee: Saint-Gobain RechercheInventors: Bernard Buffat, Francis Defendini, Christian Padoy, Jean-Pierre Beaufays, Jean-Marie Labbe
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Patent number: 5793518Abstract: An electrochromic system comprising a transparent electrically conducting film (2), a film (3) of a cathodic electrochromic material, which is capable of reversibly inserting M.sup.+ cations of type H.sup.+ or Li.sup.+, an electrolyte film (5), counter-electrode film (7) made of an anodic electrochromic material, and a second electrically conducting film (8), said structure having a barrier film (6) interposed between electrolyte (5) and the counter-electrode (7), which barrier film is open to the diffusion of the M.sup.+ cations and which is constituted of the following materials selected from the group consisting of oxides of metals of Group VB of the Periodic Table, mixtures of these oxides, CeF.sub.3, Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, HUP (hexauranylphosphate), Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, and an ion conductor material of Li.sub.3 N, LiTaO.sub.3, LiAlF.sub.4, Li.sub.3 PO.sub.4, LiBO.sub.2 or LiNbO.sub.3.Type: GrantFiled: June 4, 1997Date of Patent: August 11, 1998Assignee: Saint-Gobain Vitrage InternationalInventors: Christine Lefrou, Francis Defendini, Florence Garot, Odile Marrot
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Patent number: 5663829Abstract: An electrochromic system comprising a transparent electrically conducting film (2), a film (3) of a cathodic electrochromic material, which is capable of reversibly inserting M.sup.+ cations of type H.sup.+ or Li.sup.+, an electrolyte film (5), counter-electrode film (7) made of an anodic electrochromic material, and a second electrically conducting film (8), said structure having a barrier film (6) interposed between electrolyte (5) and the counter-electrode (7), which barrier film is open to the diffusion of the M.sup.+ cations and which is constituted of the following materials selected from the group consisting of oxides of metals of Group VB of the Periodic Table, mixtures of these oxides, CeF.sub.3, Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, HUP (hexauranylphosphate), Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, and an ion conductor material of Li.sub.3 N, LiTaO.sub.3, LiAlF.sub.4, Li.sub.3 PO.sub.4, LiBO.sub.2 or LiNbO.sub.3.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 1994Date of Patent: September 2, 1997Assignee: Saint-Gobain Vitrage InternationalInventors: Christine Lefrou, Francis Defendini, Florence Garot, Odile Marrot
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Patent number: 5657149Abstract: This invention relates to an electrically controllable solar building pane composed of two panels spaced apart by a layer of an intermediate gas, the panel facing towards the outside of the building being constituted of a variable transmission system of the electrochromic type comprising two transparent substrates composed, notably, of glass sheets, joined together by an ion-conducting organic polymer and coated on the jointing face with transparent electrically conducting films and films of anodic and cathodic electrochromic materials.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 1993Date of Patent: August 12, 1997Assignee: Saint-Gobain RechercheInventors: Bernard Buffat, Francis Defendini, Christian Padoy, Jean-Pierre Beaufays, Jean-Marie Labbe
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Patent number: 5379146Abstract: The present invention has as its subject an electrochromic pane including two glass sheets (1, 2), each coated with a transparent electrically conducting film (3, 4) and separated by an electrode of electrochromic material (5), an electrolyte (6) and a counter-electrode (7). The electrically conducting films (3, 4) are, on the one hand, connected by current supply leads (8, 9) to an electrical supply system generating a potential difference (U.sub.1) according to a desired modification to the coloration of the electrochromic material and, on the other hand, are connected to each other at least at a portion of their periphery by an electrically conducting material (11).Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 1993Date of Patent: January 3, 1995Assignee: Saint-Gobain Vitrage InternationalInventor: Francis Defendini
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Patent number: 5244557Abstract: A method for forming an electrochromic glazing system which comprises means to reduce and preferably eliminate all trapped air from the system so as to avoid the formation of undesirable air bubbles trapped therein. The method comprises coating at least a portion of an inner surface of a first glass support sheet with a transparent electroconductive layer, followed by a layer of an electrochromic material which serves as an electrode. A second glass support sheet is also coated upon its inner aspect with an electroconductive layer, upon which is coated a counterelectrode layer. Thereafter, an electrolyte layer is deposited upon either the electrochromic, i.e., electrode layer, or the counterelectrode layer. The two coated glass support plates thereafter are preassembled, that is, they are oriented one above the other with their uncoated surfaces facing outwardly such that their coated portions are adjacent, but not in contact, with each other.Type: GrantFiled: September 10, 1991Date of Patent: September 14, 1993Assignee: Saint Gobain Vitrage InternationalInventors: Francis Defendini, Christian Padoy, Jean-Claude Cornut, Doris Schoolmann, Jean-Claude Lassegues
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Patent number: 5231531Abstract: An electrochromatic glazing system is provided. The system comprises a first glass sheet covered with a first transparent electrically conductive film and a second glass sheet covered with a second transparent electrically conductive film. A film of electrochromatic material, an electrolyte, and a counterelectrode are interposed between the first and second transparent electrically conductive films. The first and second electrically conductive films are connected to a voltage generator by an electrical control circuit and the voltage generator receives a set-point value from a control unit equipped with a memory and generates a potential difference as a function of the temperature of the electrolyte.Type: GrantFiled: September 13, 1991Date of Patent: July 27, 1993Assignee: Saint-Gobain RechercheInventors: Francis Defendini, Francois Lerbet
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Patent number: 5164855Abstract: The invention pertains to an electrochromic system composed of a lithium ionic conductor electrolyte and a counter electrode symmetrical with the principal layer of electrochromic material and composed of a layer of nickel oxide, preferably deposited by reactive cathode sputtering in the presence of hydrogen-bearing plasma. The invention is used in particular for electrochromic windows, which can be used, for example, in automobile tops.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 1989Date of Patent: November 17, 1992Assignee: Saint-Gobain VitrageInventors: Bernard Buffat, Francois Lerbet, Francis Defendini, Christian Padoy
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Patent number: 4844591Abstract: The invention relates to coated glass substrates for obtaining a variable degree of light transmission therethrough. The coated substrate comprises successively, (1) a first transparent support plate, preferably formed of glass, (2) a transparent electroconductive layer, (3) a layer of an electrochromic material, (4) a proton conductive electrolytic layer having an organic polymer base, (4a) an optional counterelectrode layer, (5) a second electroconductive layer and (6) a second transparent support plate. A proton conductive polymer is selected for the electrolyte whose conductivity is greater than or equal to ##EQU1## wherein the layer has a thickness of less than 50 micrometers.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 1987Date of Patent: July 4, 1989Assignee: Saint-Gobain VitrageInventors: Herve Arribart, Christian Padoy, Alain Dugast, Michel Armond, Francis Defendini, Bernard Desbat