Abstract: Multi-stage ball bearing assembly mounted internally of a floating plug or the forward end of a mandrel and including a plurality of axially aligned ball bearings for enabling rotation of a spinner for forming at least two internal spiral grooves in the inner portion of tubing upon relative motion therebetween to produce at least one spiral fin internally of the tubing. The ball bearings include inner and outer ball tracks and a plurality of spherical balls which roll between the tracks. Predetermined ones of the outer ball tracks are displaced axially with respect to the inner ball tracks in the same direction as the relative movement between the tubing and the spinner to provide relief space in the direction of relative movement which, upon rotation being imparted to the spinner which in turn imparts rotation load to the multi-stage ball bearing assembly in the same direction of such relative movement, causes the rotation load to be distributed substantially equally between the ball bearings.

Abstract: Process of providing the internal portion of tubing with at least one spiral fin, comprising the steps of: providing a first spinner having at least two first external spiral ridges displaced a predetermined distance angularly with respect to each other and providing a first spiral groove therebetween having a first depth and providing a first spiral path; producing relative motion between the first spinner and the tubing internal portion to cause the first external spiral ridges to engage the tubing internal portion and form spiral grooves therein and to cause a portion of the tubing internal portion to flow into the first spiral groove and form a spiral fin; providing a second spinner having at least two second external spiral ridges displaced the predetermined distance angularly with respect to each other and providing a second spiral groove therebetween having a second depth greater than the first depth and providing a second spiral path; and aligning the second external spiral ridges of the second spinne

Abstract: An improved pressure vessel which maintains the press-fit between the concentric rings of different material at all temperatures up to the maximum operating temperature by providing an intermediate ring between the inner ring having a coefficient of expansion less than the coefficient of the outer ring wherein the intermediate ring has a coefficient of expansion greater than the outer ring, the radial thickness of the intermediate ring is determined in terms of the radial thicknesses and coefficients of expansion of the inner and outer rings such that upon the pressure vessel operating to the maximum temperature the combined expansions or increases in radial thicknesses of the inner and intermediate rings are equal, or substantially equal to, the expansion or increase in radial thickness of the outer ring.

Abstract: Pressurized fluid, pressurized in excess of the yield strength of a billet or rod, is communicated to the exterior of a piercing punch during piercing of the billet or rod to produce tubing, the pressurized fluid is provided to the exterior of the piercing punch during piercing to provide forced lubrication between the piercing punch and the billet or rod to reduce friction therebetween; such communication of pressurized fluid is also for causing self-centering of the piercing punch with respect to the billet or rod during piercing to produce tubing of uniform wall thickness.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for providing the internal portion of tubing with a spiral groove or fin, or preferably a plurality of internal spiral fins, and which apparatus and process include a rotatably mounted spinner provided with one or more external ridges, which, upon relative movement of the tubing with respect to the spinner imparts rotation to the spinner causing the ridge or ridges to engage the tubing internal portion and provide at least one internal spiral groove therein; upon a plurality of external spiral ridges being provided on the spinner a plurality of internal spiral fins are formed.

Abstract: A dual pump is disclosed in which a single valve controls flow of power fluid to the pump piston. Cams on the pistons and push rods on the valve interact to control the valve timing.

Abstract: Apparatus and process of manufacture for forming a generally cylindrical shell having an interior surface, an opened end with a first internal diameter, a generally closed opposite end, a first internal portion intermediate the ends with a second internal diameter larger than the first internal diameter, and a second internal portion intermediate the first internal portion and the closed end with a third internal diameter larger than the second internal diameter, wherein such apparatus and process of manufacture include a mandrel having an outer surface for forming the interior surface of the shell and having an expandable and contractable intermediate portion, the mandrel intermediate portion expandable outwardly to form its second internal portion and upon the shell being formed the mandrel intermediate portion contractable inwardly sufficiently to permit the mandrel to be moved relatively away from the formed shell through the open end to permit the formed shell and the mandrel to be separated.

Abstract: Continuous extrusion apparatus for continuously deforming an elongated workpiece of indefinite length (e.g. rod) to produce an elongated product of indefinite length (e.g. wire) is disclosed wherein the improvement includes combination of structure for maintaining the elongated workpiece, the moving centrally apertured chamber through which it moves to be deformed by the deforming agency in coaxial alignment with the apparatus centerline during deformation and for maintaining the moving centrally apertured chamber in predetermined geometric shape (e.g. round).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for initiating extrusion of elongated hollow product, more particularly cylindrical tubular product, by increasing the space between the end of a mandrel and an opposed extrusion die during extrusion start-up and thereafter gradually decreasing the space to the desired width for extrusion of the product to enhance extrusion initiation.

Abstract: Extrusion apparatus wherein a hollow cylindrical workpiece is advanced over the outer surface of a mandrel and through an extrusion die by motive force applied to the outer surface of the workpiece by an advancing drive member having an inner surface in operative engagement with the outer surface of the workpiece to produce a hollow cylindrical product of reduced diameter, and wherein a first moving force is required to produce relative movement between the mandrel and the workpiece and wherein a second moving force is required to produce relative movement between the drive member and the workpiece, the improvement wherein various structure are provided for reducing the first moving force relative to the second moving force to enhance the extrusion process and thereby increase its efficiency.

Abstract: Methods of and apparatus for controlling the gap between a mandrel and an extrusion die during extrusion wherein upon the actual gap between the mandrel and die during extrusion being detected as being larger than a predetermined gap, relative movement between the mandrel and die is produced to close the actual gap and establish the predetermined gap, and upon the actual gap between the mandrel and die during extrusion being detected as being smaller than the predetermined gap, relative movement between the mandrel and die is produced to open the actual gap and establish the predetermined gap.

Abstract: Chamfering apparatus for simultaneously chamfering the I.D. and O.D. of tubular members including an internal cutter for chamfering the I.D. and an external cutter for simultaneously chamfering the O.D., the internal and external cutters being mounted self-adjustably to permit them to simultaneously engage the I.D. and O.D. of tubular members of different I.D.'s and O.D.'s up to a predetermined maximum I.D. and O.D. and to minimize the net torque imparted to the tubular members by such simultaneous chamfering.

Abstract: The cylindrical liner and surrounding annular support structure of a pressure vessel are segmented axially with the axial segments of the liner being slightly longer than the axial segments of the annular support structure to provide an axial space between opposed annular support structure segments to permit substantially uniform axial compressive stress to be produced along the entire length of said axially segmented cylindrical liner and to seal opposed intermediate annular surfaces of cylindrical liner axial segments; the axial segmentation also provides economies of original cost, repair and replacement costs and ease of assembly and disassembly.

Abstract: A claw clipper is provided with a pair of cutters having cooperating shearing edges. A first cutter has a concave cylindrically shaped surface the bottom edge of which is generally circular. The second cutter has a U-shaped member with the base portion provided at the center with an upwardly extending post having a flat upper surface. There are safety members on each side of the post at a predetermined distance from the post to prevent a claw inserted there between from being cut so deep as to cut a blood vessel in the inner part of the claw. The shearing edges provide the claw with a smooth contoured surface in the plane of clawing.

Abstract: Two elongated gripping members (12,12) cooperate to form a closed pressure chamber about a waxed billet (61). The gripping members are reciprocated relative to an extrusion station (13), such reciprocation first moving the pressure chamber toward and past the extrusion station so as to extrude the billet through a die (66) at the extrusion station, and then returning the gripping members, in separated condition, to their initial positions to permit the immediate loading of another billet between the gripping members. Also disclosed are various additional systems, e.g.

Abstract: Molten material is fed into an elongated outwardly open mold, moving in a predetermined path, and is thereafter conveyed by the mold movement at least partway through a region of such path over which a closure for the outward opening of the mold moves along therewith, the material concurrently being cooled to become solidified. The movements of such mold and closure cause the solidified material to be extruded through stationary die means disposed in such region. Such material may solder metal formed into a tube into which is inserted rosin, the same heat exchange medium being used both to cool the metal prior to its extrusion and to keep the rosin molten prior to such insertion thereof.

Abstract: A hydrostatic extrusion die includes a nose-cone section (21) of a high toughness tool steel and a mating rear section (22) of a high compressive strength material such as carbide. During extrusion, inwardly directed radial forces (F.sub.r ') are developed in the rear section which exactly compensates for the outwardly directed radial forces (F.sub.o) developed at the throat of the die.

Abstract: A racket string clamp including a plurality of wedges for being inserted into a hole extended through a game ball racket frame and for being wedged between the end portion of a game ball string and the surface of the racket frame defining the hole to secure the end portion of the string to the racket frame, and further including handle means including a plurality of handle members equal in number to the wedges and formed integrally therewith and for maintaining the wedges in a predetermined relationship with respect to each other, the wedges and handle means having inner surfaces providing in combination a passageway for receiving the string, the rearward portions of the handle members being formed integrally to provide a pivot about which the handle members and wedges pivot away from and toward each other in tweezer-like action, upon the handle members and wedges pivoting away from each other, the string is provided access to the passageway and upon the string being received within the passageway the handle

Abstract: An apparatus for maintaining the speed of rotation of a windmill rotor at a fixed ratio to the free flow velocity of the driving wind. This arrangement permits the windmill rotor to rotate at the speed at which its power output is maximized. The apparatus includes a plurality of interleaved rotating and stationary friction discs which convert the rotational kinetic energy of the windmill rotor shaft into thermal energy. An anemometer shaft, which rotates with a velocity which is proportional to the ambient wind velocity, drives a gear train which increases or decreases the pressure on the friction discs so that the load on the rotor is increased or decreased, in an offsetting manner, as the wind velocity changes.

Abstract: Two elongated gripping members (12,12) cooperate to form a closed pressure chamber about a waxed billet (61). The gripping members are reciprocated relative to an extrusion station (13), such reciprocation first moving the pressure chamber toward and past the extrusion station so as to extrude the billet through a die (66) at the extrusion station, and then returning the gripping members, in separated condition, to their initial positions to permit the immediate loading of another billet between the gripping members. Also disclosed are various additional systems, e.g.