Abstract: Improved catalytic process for the alkylation of aromatic substrates, the improved process characterized in that the catalyst is a metal cation salt of a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer having an equivalent weight of about 500 to about 20,000, the metal cation having a log K.sub.11 greater than -10.

Abstract: Phosphine azacrown ethers and complexes thereof with selected cations as promoters for hydroformylation catalysts; adducts of said promoters with selected hydroformylation catalysts; process for making the promoters; and process for hydroformylation.

Abstract: Process for oxidatively carbonylating toluene to toluic acid, at least 50 mol % of the toluic acid being the p-isomer, said process comprising contacting and reacting, at 110.degree.-250.degree. C., at a pressure of at least 500 psi (3.45 MPa), toluene, carbon monoxide, oxygen and the catalyst ingredients consisting essentially of(a) a compound of rhodium or iridium;(b) a sulfur oxy-acid or a Group Ia or IIa metal salt of a sulfur oxy-acid;(c) a sulfur oxy-acid or sulfur oxy-acid mixture having a Hammett acidity value (--H.sub.o) of greater than 7.0; and(d) a cupric salt of a sulfur oxy-acid;said catalyst ingredients containing 0.3-30 mol % of (a) and 70-99.7 mol % of (b+c+d), with the molar ratios (b/a) and (c/a) each being at least 2 and the molar ratio (d/a) being at least 0.5, and recovering toluic acid.

Abstract: Process for oxidatively carbonylating toluene to toluic acid, at least 50 mol % of the toluic acid being the p-isomer, said process comprising contacting and reacting, at 110.degree.-250.degree. C., at a pressure of at least 500 psi (3.45 MPa), toluene, carbon monoxide, oxygen and the catalyst ingredients consisting essentially of(a) a compound of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, platinum, palladium or osmium;(b) a sulfur oxy-acid or a Group Ia or IIa metal salt of a sulfur oxy-acid; and(c) an acid or acid mixture having a Hammett acidity value (--H.sub.o) of greater than 7.0,said catalyst ingredients containing 0.5-30 mol % of (a) and 70-99.5 mol % of (b+c), with the molar ratios of (b/a) and (c/a) each being at least 2, and recovering toluic acid.

Abstract: Carbonylation of olefins is carried out in the presence of a hydroxylic compound, carbon monoxide and a catalyst system comprising an organic phosphine liganded palladium compound and a perfluorosulfonic acid.

Abstract: Process for oxidatively carbonylating toluene to toluic acid, at least 50 mol % of the toluic acid being the p-isomer, said process comprising contacting and reacting, at 110.degree.-250.degree. C., at a pressure of at least 500 psi (3.45 MPa), toluene, carbon monoxide, oxygen and the catalyst ingredients consisting essentially of(a) a compound of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, platinum, palladium or osmium;(b) a sulfur oxy-acid or a Group Ia or IIa metal salt of a sulfur oxy-acid; and(c) an acid or acid mixture having a Hammett acidity value (-H.sub.o) of greater than 7.0,said catalyst ingredients containing 0.5-30 mol % of (a) and 70-99.5 mol % of (b+c), with the molar ratios of (b/a) and (c/a) each being at least 2, and recovering toluic acid.

Abstract: Preparation of isobutyric acid and esters by carbonylation of propylene in the presence of water or an alcohol, a palladium catalyst and ortho-substituted triarylphosphine.