Abstract: Inorganic hydrated metal oxide and metal silicate gels are supported on the surface of particles of porous material by precipitation therein without significant deposit within pores of the support material and without encapsulating the particles of porous material. Especially preferred hydrated oxides and silicate gels are those of titanium. Preferred porous particles are composed of carbon.These novel composite materials are prepared by spraying an aqueous basic material onto the porous particles and then spraying a concentrated aqueous acidic solution of a source of suitable metallic ions so as to rapidly form a gelatinous precipitate on the surface of the porous particles which remain porous.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons, particularly gas oil, are cracked to products boiling in the motor fuel range by using a catalyst mixture comprising zeolite Y and zeolite L. The catalyst of this invention results in obtaining a fuel having an increased octane number and suffering a smaller penalty with regard to yield relative to other octane additive systems.

Abstract: An improved process for ion-exchanging sodium ions in particles containing sodium form zeolite crystals and sodium silicate. The process involves an initial ion-exchange at pH about 4.5 to 5.0 with an ammonium salt followed by exchange with an ammonium salt at about pH 2.0 to 3.5. Cracking catalysts having improved cracking activity are produced.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a fluid cracking catalyst is disclosed. A slurry of microspheres of kaolin clay calcined to undergo the characteristic exotherm, microspheres of kaolin clay calcined to metakaolin condition and sodium hydroxide solution is formed. The weight ratio of microspheres of kaolin calcined to undergo the exotherm to microspheres of kaolin calcined to metakaolin condition is in the range of about 9/1 to 4/1; the sodium hydroxide solution is of about 16% to 20% concentration and is present in amount such that the molar ratio of Na.sub.2 O/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in said slurry is in the range of about 0.6 to 0.7. The slurry is aged and an additional quantity of microspheres of kaolin clay calcined to undergo the characteristic exotherm is added. The quantity of microspheres of clay calcined to undergo the exotherm added is such that the total weight ratio of such microspheres to microspheres of metakaolin is in excess of 9/1.

Abstract: Co-product fines from the manufacture of zeolitic cracking catalysts from microspheres of calcined clay have heretofore been discarded as a waste stream. These fines, recovered as a moist cake, are slurried in a sodium silicate solution, spray dried to form microspheres and ion-exchanged initially at high pH and then at lower pH to produce attrition-resistant cracking catalysts which produce low levels of coke during use.

Abstract: By-product fines from the manufacture of zeolitic cracking catalysts from microspheres of calcined clay have heretofore been discarded as a waste stream. These fines, recovered as a moist cake, are slurried in a sodium, silicate solution, spray dried to form microspheres and ion-exchanged to produce cracking catalysts which produce low levels of coke during use.

Abstract: Whole crude and residual fractions from distillation of petroleum and like feed stocks are subjected to selective vaporization to prepare heavy fractions of reduced Conradson Carbon and/or metals content by short-term, high temperature riser contact with a substantially inert solid contact material of low surface area in a selective vaporization zone. High boiling point components of the charge which are of high Conradson Carbon number and/or high metal content remain on the contact material as a combustible deposit which is then burned off in a combustion zone whereby the contact material is heated to a high temperature for return to the selective vaporization zone to supply the heat required therein. Equilibrium FCC catalyst, previously treated to reduce catalytic cracking activity and surface area, is used as the substantially inert solid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the preparation of decaborane-14(B.sub.10 H.sub) in high yields from B.sub.5 H.sub.9 which involve three basic procedure steps as follows:(1) conversion of B.sub.5 H.sub.9 to a solid, [N(CH.sub.3).sub.4 ][B.sub.9 H.sub.14 ], by reacting NaH in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution in the presence of [N(CH.sub.3).sub.4 ][Cl];(2) performing a hydride abstraction on the solid after removal of THF by reacting, while stirring, a boron trihalide selected from BBr.sub.3 and BCl.sub.3 to form B.sub.10 H.sub.14 ; and,(3) separating the B.sub.10 H.sub.14 from the solid reaction mixture by a sublimation procedure.