Abstract: A facility for generating electricity, including a water source and a plurality of penstocks adapted for selective flow communication with the water source for delivering water from the water source to a turbine electricity generator. An electricity distribution system is provided having a first component adapted to deliver electricity generated by the turbine electricity generator to an electric grid and an alternative second component adapted to use the electricity to power an air compressor. A compressed air storage reservoir is provided for storing air compressed by the air compressor, including an outlet for selectively delivering the compressed air to the plurality of penstocks according to a predetermined sequence for providing energy to the water contained in the penstock to propel the water from the penstock to the turbine.

Abstract: A facility for generating electricity includes a hydroelectric generating apparatus including an elongate penstock in flow communication with a source of water and a hydro-turbine and a plurality of water refill pumps for supplying refill water to a plurality of horizontal pistons on a synchronized and coordinated basis to supply pressurized water to the penstock. A pressure regulator is provided for supplying pressurized air to a storage container for supplying air to the pistons and respective air exhaust/release valves release the pressurized air in the pistons to the atmosphere after use. Respective water inflow valves are provided for refilling the pistons after the air exhaust/release valves open.

Abstract: A facility for generating electricity that includes a water source, at least one water inlet valve for delivering water to a pressure vessel under pressure, a plurality of pressure vessel water outlet valves in flow communication with the pressure vessel and a turbine-powered electrical generator for delivery of water under pressure from the pressure vessel water outlet valves according to a predetermined sequence, and an electrical distribution system for selectively delivering electricity generated by the electrical generator to an external source for use or to an air compressor operatively connected to the water source for pressurizing the water being delivered to the pressure vessel.

Abstract: An EMP-protective composite structure that includes at least one enclosure having walls, a ceiling, at least one ingress/egress portal and a base, each of the walls, the ceiling, the ingress/egress portal and the base including at least one blast-resistant structural panel and at least one layer of an EMP barrier that provides magnetic conduction, field absorption and field reflection fully-enclosing the structural panel. An encapsulation barrier is provided having a blast-deflecting surface overlying the at least one enclosure. A HEMP door or circuitous path is provided from an exterior of the EMP-protective structure, through the encapsulation barrier and to the at least one ingress/egress portal of the enclosure. The circuitous path is configured to absorb and deflect EMP as the EMP passes along the circuitous path. Embodiments of the blast-resistant structural panel are also disclosed.

Abstract: A facility for generating electricity that includes a water source, at least one water inlet valve for delivering water to a pressure vessel under pressure, a plurality of pressure vessel water outlet valves in flow communication with the pressure vessel and a turbine-powered electrical generator for delivery of water under pressure from the pressure vessel water outlet valves according to a predetermined sequence, and an electrical distribution system for selectively delivering electricity generated by the electrical generator to an external source for use or to an air compressor operatively connected to the water source for pressurizing the water being delivered to the pressure vessel.

Abstract: A facility for generating electricity, including a water source and a plurality of penstocks adapted for selective flow communication with the water source for delivering water from the water source to a turbine electricity generator. An electricity distribution system is provided having a first component adapted to deliver electricity generated by the turbine electricity generator to an electric grid and an alternative second component adapted to use the electricity to power an air compressor. A compressed air storage reservoir is provided for storing air compressed by the air compressor, including an outlet for selectively delivering the compressed air to the plurality of penstocks according to a predetermined sequence for providing energy to the water contained in the penstock to propel the water from the penstock to the turbine.

Abstract: A facility for generating electricity, including a water source and a plurality of penstocks adapted for selective flow communication with the water source for delivering water from the water source to a turbine electricity generator. An electricity distribution system is provided having a first component adapted to deliver electricity generated by the turbine electricity generator to an electric grid and an alternative second component adapted to use the electricity to power an air compressor. A compressed air storage reservoir is provided for storing air compressed by the air compressor, including an outlet for selectively delivering the compressed air to the plurality of penstocks according to a predetermined sequence for providing energy to the water contained in the penstock to propel the water from the penstock to the turbine.

Abstract: Beneficial use structures are disclosed that include coal combustion residuals (“CCR”) mixed with water and a binder to form a structural material, and adapted to be compacted for use in the formation of the beneficial use structure. Various structures having beneficial uses are described, including compressed air storage facilities and a pumped hydroelectric facility, including such a facility adapted for use with a lock system of a waterway.

Abstract: Beneficial use structures are disclosed that include coal combustion residuals (“CCR”) mixed with water and a binder to form a structural material, and adapted to be compacted for use in the formation of the beneficial use structure. Various structures having beneficial uses are described, including compressed air storage facilities and a pumped hydroelectric facility, including such a facility adapted for use with a lock system of a waterway.

Abstract: Beneficial use structures are disclosed that include coal combustion residuals (“CCR”) mixed with water and a binder to form a structural material and adapted to be compacted for use in the formation of the beneficial use structure. Various structures having beneficial uses described, including survival bunkers, composting pits, mine reclamation encapsulation and carbon sequestration facilities, water storage facilities, compressed air storage facilities, carbon sequestration/mineral carbonation facilities and a pumped hydroelectric facility adapted for use with a lock system of a waterway.

Abstract: Beneficial use structures are disclosed that include coal combustion residuals (“CCR”) mixed with water and a binder to form a structural material and adapted to be compacted for use in the formation of the beneficial use structure. Various structures having beneficial uses described, including survival bunkers, composting pits, mine reclamation encapsulation and carbon sequestration facilities, water storage facilities, compressed air storage facilities, carbon sequestration/mineral carbonation facilities and a pumped hydroelectric facility adapted for use with a lock system of a waterway.

Abstract: A process of fabricating a static structure including an interior volume that includes the steps of mixing coal combustible residual (CCR) with structural reinforcing materials to form a construction material and utilizing the construction material to fabricate exterior enclosure-forming components of the static structure. The enclosure-forming components are sufficiently reinforced, enhanced and/or thick to provide protection against exterior forces directed against the structure.