Abstract: Hybrid probe particles comprising a nanoparticle of gold of diameter in the range extending from 2 to 30 nm on the surface of which, on the one hand, at least one, and preferably from one to 100, organic probe molecules are grafted by gold-sulphur bonds and on the other hand, at least 10, and preferably 10 to 10000, molecules with luminescent activity, as well as their preparation process.

Abstract: The object of the invention is new complexes of derivatives of thiacalix[4]arenes having the formula: R1a, R2a, R3a, R4a, R1b, R2b, R3b et R4b are such as defined in claim 1 and their utilization, especially for manufacturing of materials having optical limiter properties.

Abstract: The object of the invention is new complexes of derivatives of thiacalix[4]arenes having the formula: 1

Abstract: A new two-step process for the preparation and industrial manufacture of calixarenes is disclosed. In the first step, linear phenolic oligomers are prepared in a basic medium from an optionally substituted phenol and a formaldehyde source. The reaction mixture is then neutralized or acidified, and cyclization of the oligomers is brought about at higher temperatures in the same reaction medium which is made water free and optionally completed by higher boiling liquids. The process allows a definite control of the cyclic compounds to be synthesized. Furthermore, novel calixarene compounds are disclosed as well as an installation for carrying out the process on a laboratory or industrial scale.