Abstract: A fluid coking-gasification process for converting heavy hydrocarbonaceous chargestocks to lower boiling products in which an inorganic metal composition is used to mitigate slagging in the gasifier, wherein the metal is selected from the alkaline-earths, the rare earths, and zirconium. The inorganic metal composition is added either directly into the gasifier or it is mixed with the coke passing from the heating zone to the gasification zone.

Abstract: A hollow fiber permeator is described which permits counter-current flow in the passage of feed/retentate and permeate-sweep streams. The permeator comprises a bundle of hollow fibers compartmentalized using a series of concentric shells or a spiral wrap extending the entire length of the hollow fibers. The rings or spiral wrap are perforated along the top and bottom to permit even flow distribution through each of the compartments defined by the concentric rings or spiral wrap so that the linear flow rate down the length of the permeator is similar for each compartment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for converting heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock to more valuable products. The feedstock is introduced into a coking unit containing a coking zone and a scrubbing zone. The bottoms fraction from the scrubbing zone is passed through a microfiltration unit, thus removing fine coke particles which are recycled to the coking zone. The substantially solids-free filtrate is hydrotreated, then passed to a catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process wherein a scrubber bottom stream from a fluid coker is departiculated by passing it through a microfiltration system. The substantially solids-free filtrate is then upgraded by hydrotreating.

Abstract: A slurry catalytic hydroconversion process comprising at least two hydroconversion zones is provided in which the heavy hydrocarbonaceous fresh oil feed is added to more than one hydroconversion zone. Additional portions of catalysts or catalyst precursors are also added to the first hydroconversion zone and to additional hydroconversion zones.

Abstract: A slurry catalytic hydroconversion process comprising at least two hydroconversion zones is provided in which the heavy hydrocarbonaceous fresh oil feed is added to more than one hydroconversion zone. Additional portions of catalysts or catalyst precursors are also added to the first hydroconversion zone and to additional hydroconversion zones wherein said additional hydroconversion zones are maintained at a temperature of at least 10.degree. F. higher than an immediate preceding hydroconversion zone.

Abstract: Hydroconversion processes utilizing a catalyst prepared from a catalyst precursor concentrate such as phosphomolybdic acid, is provided. The catalyst precursor concentrate is treated at relatively low pressures in a specified manner.

Abstract: An improved method of preparing a catalyst from a catalyst precursor concentrate is provided. The catalyst precursor concentrate, which is preferably phosphomolybdic acid, is treated at relatively low pressures in a specified manner.

Abstract: A slurry hydroconversion process is provided in which a catalyst precursor concentrate comprising an aqueous solution of phosphomolybdic acid and a heavy oil is contacted with hot hydrogen to vaporize the water from the concentrate. The resulting catalyst precursor concentrate is introduced into a hydrocarbonaceous chargestock and the resulting mixture is heated in the presence of added hydrogen to convert the phosphomolybdic acid to a solid molybdenum-containing catalyst. The resulting slurry is subjected to hydroconversion conditions.

Abstract: Heat transfer in a hydrocarbon conversion process utilizing a magnetically stabilized fluid bed reactor and a magnetically stabilized catalyst regenerator is improved by the use of a fluidizable solids mixture comprising substantially inert heat carrier particles and magnetizable catalyst particles wherein the inert particles have settling rates higher than the settling rates of the catalyst particles. The heat carrier particles and the magnetizable catalyst particles are completely or partially separated in settling zones associated with the reactor and regenerator. The separated heat carrier particles and catalyst particles are independently circulated between the reactor and regenerator so that the heat carrier particles can be passed through one or more heat exchangers to provide the desired temperature levels in the system.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process wherein a hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with a magnetically stabilized fluid bed of particulate solids comprising a mixture of separate, discrete (a) magnetizable substantially non-catalytic particles, and (b) non-magnetizable catalytic particles. The particulate solids mixture is withdrawn from the magnetically stabilized, fluidized bed and separated into magnetizable, substantially non-catalytic particles and non-magnetizable catalyst particles. The non-magnetizable catalytic particles are thereafter regenerated and returned to the hydrocarbon conversion zone. The separated magnetizable, substantially non-catalytic particles are subjected to heat transfer prior to their return to the conversion zone.

Abstract: Apparatus for effecting fluid-solids contacting wherein a bed stationary downward moving ferromagnetic particles are contacted within a contacting chamber with a fluid which passes through the bed in a cross-flow manner, said bed being structured or stabilized, by a magnetic field the improvement which comprises providing at least one support means positioned near or adjacent to the opening means, said support means extending into the contacting chamber. Also disclosed are processes for using the improved magnetically stabilized cross-flow contactor including processes for removing particulates from gaseous streams, flue gas desulfurization processes and the like.

Abstract: A process for the removal of particulates entrained in a fluid using a magnetically stabilized fluid cross-flow contactor of the panel or radial reactor type wherein ferro-magnetic bed solids are structured or stabilized by the action of a magnetic field.

Abstract: Apparatus for effecting fluid-solids contacting wherein a bed of stationary or downward moving ferromagnetic particles are contacted with a fluid which passes through the bed in a cross-flow manner, said bed being structured or stabilized, by a magnetic field. Also disclosed are processes for using the magnetically stabilized cross-flow contactor including processes for removing particulates from gaseous streams, flue gas desulfurization processes and the like.

Abstract: Apparatus for effecting fluid-solids contacting wherein a bed of stationary or downward moving ferromagnetic particles are contacted within a contacting chamber with a fluid which passes through the bed in a cross-flow manner, said bed being structured or stabilized, by a magnetic field, the improvement which comprises providing louver means attached below at least one of the openings of the contacting chamber, said louver means which extend upward and outward from the openings in the direction of the incoming gaseous fluid and the balance of the louver extending outward and downward toward the incoming gaseous fluid stream. Also disclosed are processes for using the improved louvered magnetically stabilized crossflow contactor including processes for removing particulates from gaseous streams, flue gas desulfurization processes and the like.

Abstract: A process for flue gas desulfurization or nitrogen oxide removal in a fluid using a magnetically stabilized fluid cross-flow contactor of the panel or radial reactor type wherein ferromagnetic bed solids are structured or stabilized by the action of a magnetic field.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process, particularly a hydroconversion process, wherein a hydrogenation catalyst is contacted with a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonaceous feed containing 1050.degree. F.+ materials at a preselected high initial temperature and maintained essentially at this temperature throughout an operating run. In accordance with such mode of operation certain advantages are obtained, these including: (1) greater overall conversion of 1050.degree. F.+ to 1050.degree. F.- hydrocarbon products at a given level of hydrodesulfurization, catalyst consumption rate, with the same reactor volume and pressure requirements; (2) greater overall reduction of Con carbon; and (3) improved overall feed metals reduction.