Abstract: There is provided an apparatus comprising: a base substrate and a component substrate having at least two electronic components arranged thereon. At least one aperture is formed through an entire thickness of the component substrate. The at least one aperture is formed in an interspace between the at least two electronic components. The component substrate is coupled to the base substrate using a solder joint. Each of the at least two electronic components may comprise a light emitting diode element. A method of manufacturing an apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus comprising: a base substrate and a component substrate having at least two electronic components arranged thereon. At least one aperture is formed through an entire thickness of the component substrate. The at least one aperture is formed in an interspace between the at least two electronic components. The component substrate is coupled to the base substrate using a solder joint. Each of the at least two electronic components may comprise a light emitting diode element. A method of manufacturing an apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A safety protection arrangement is provided for a lighting arrangement. An electrical parameter is measured with the driving of the lighting arrangement with particular driving settings and it is compared with an estimated expected value of the electrical parameter so that a safety warning signal or a shutdown can be provided in the event of a detected system failure.

Abstract: A safety protection arrangement is provided for a lighting arrangement. An electrical parameter is measured with the driving of the lighting arrangement with particular driving settings and it is compared with an estimated expected value of the electrical parameter so that a safety warning signal or a shutdown can be provided in the event of a detected system failure.

Abstract: The available battery power on autonomously powered mobile electronic devices, in particular smartcards, is very small but requires a very long shelf life. Thus, even very small rest currents are a big power issue. The invention discloses a power save circuit and method, where a single power switch, e.g. a FET or a MEM switch, can be used to detach the power supply (?) from the whole system and allow the lowest current possible. Further, a combination with a double action button and integration of the power switch provides a solution with a minimum number of components and interconnects. An option for “system wake-up at any button” enables additional power saving during use, without inconvenience to the user.