Abstract: A compact X-ray measurement apparatus is realized for dose as well as energy measurements by using an X-ray detector comprising scintillation crystals coupled to photodiodes. To this end, the current generated by the photodiodes is periodically applied to an integrator and the photodiode is charged across its intrinsic capacitance during sampling and reset periods of the integrator. Loss of charge is thus avoided and a low X-ray dose can be measured. The X-ray measurement apparatus can be calibrated by calibration of the photodiodes.

Abstract: In X-ray systems in which a beam of X-rays radiates through an object to be examined and is converted by an image intensifier into a light image, blur occurs in said image due to the image lag of the X-ray system to moving objects. In order to measure the image lag of X-ray systems in a simple, objective and reproducible manner in operating conditions, a rotating disc having a coiled X-ray absorbing pattern is arranged between the X-ray source and the image intensifier. A number of dark lines then travels at a uniform speed over a strip-shaped horizontal part of the picture produced by the image intensifier comprising the centre of the disc. When a video camera is coupled to the image intensifier the image lag of the X-ray system can be determined from the ratio of the amplitudes of the video signal of an image line situated in the said part of the image with a rotating disc and with a stationary disc.