Abstract: A sensor circuit and method. The circuit includes a first subcircuit that includes a first sense capacitor, a first integration capacitor, and a first clock input for receiving a first digital clock signal for initiating discharge of the first integration capacitor at time T. The circuit includes a second subcircuit that includes a second sense capacitor, a second integration capacitor, and a second clock input for receiving a second digital clock signal for initiating discharge of the second integration capacitor at time T+Td. A rate of discharge of the first and second integration capacitors is at least partly determined by a capacitance of the first and second sense capacitor, respectively. At time Teval, after initiation of discharge of the first and second sense capacitors, the extent to which the first and second integration capacitors have discharged is compared. A digital signal indicating the result of the comparison is outputted.

Abstract: A secure electronic apparatus and a method for determining that a secure electronic apparatus has been tampered with. The apparatus includes a memory and a plurality of sensors which each to receive an input signal and output a digital signal determined by the input signal and by a physical quantity sensed by the sensor (e.g. capacitance). A measurement routine includes applying a plurality of input signal values to the sensors and, for each input signal value, using the digital output signals of each sensor to determine a combined output result. The combined output results of the measurement routine are compared with a set of combined output results stored in the memory. A detected a difference between the combined output results of the measurement routine and the set of combined output results stored in the memory can be used to determine that the secure electronic apparatus has been tampered with.

Abstract: A device is disclosed. The device includes a plurality of microphones to receive ultra-sound signals, wherein the ultra-sound signals include an encoded data. The device also includes a microcontroller coupled to the plurality of microphones. The microcontroller is configured to detect the ultra-sound signals through the plurality of microphones. The detection of the ultra-sound signals includes calculating an angle of arrival of the ultra-sound signals at a microphone in the plurality of microphones. The microcontroller is configured to perform a transaction based on the encoded data received via a microphone in the plurality of microphones.

Abstract: A sensor circuit and method. The circuit includes a first subcircuit that includes a first sense capacitor, a first integration capacitor, and a first clock input for receiving a first digital clock signal for initiating discharge of the first integration capacitor at time T. The circuit includes a second subcircuit that includes a second sense capacitor, a second integration capacitor, and a second clock input for receiving a second digital clock signal for initiating discharge of the second integration capacitor at time T+Td. A rate of discharge of the first and second integration capacitors is at least partly determined by a capacitance of the first and second sense capacitor, respectively. At time Teval, after initiation of discharge of the first and second sense capacitors, the extent to which the first and second integration capacitors have discharged is compared. A digital signal indicating the result of the comparison is outputted.

Abstract: A secure electronic apparatus and a method for determining that a secure electronic apparatus has been tampered with. The apparatus includes a memory and a plurality of sensors which each to receive an input signal and output a digital signal determined by the input signal and by a physical quantity sensed by the sensor (e.g. capacitance). A measurement routine includes applying a plurality of input signal values to the sensors and, for each input signal value, using the digital output signals of each sensor to determine a combined output result. The combined output results of the measurement routine are compared with a set of combined output results stored in the memory. A detected a difference between the combined output results of the measurement routine and the set of combined output results stored in the memory can be used to determine that the secure electronic apparatus has been tampered with.

Abstract: The invention provides a semiconductor device comprising with a capacitive security shield structure which uses a set of randomly distributed dielectric or conducting particles formed within a dielectric layer. A set of electrodes can be configured as at least two sets, wherein a first set is used to measure a capacitance characteristic, and a second set is configured as non-measurement set. The electrode configuration can be altered so that multiple measurements can be obtained.

Abstract: The invention provides a semiconductor device comprising with a capacitive security shield structure which uses a set of randomly distributed dielectric or conducting particles formed within a dielectric layer. A set of electrodes can be configured as at least two sets, wherein a first set is used to measure a capacitance characteristic, and a second set is configured as non-measurement set. The electrode configuration can be altered so that multiple measurements can be obtained.

Abstract: A sensor chip (100) for detecting particles, the sensor chip (100) comprising a substrate (102), an electric connection structure (104) arranged in a surface portion of the substrate (102) and adapted for an electric connection to an electric connection element (106), a sensor active region (108) arranged in another surface portion of the substrate (102) and being sensitive to the presence of the particles to be detected, and a continuous dielectric layer (110) covering the substrate (102) including covering the electric connection structure (104) and the sensor active region (108).

Abstract: An RFID tag (1, 1?) comprises at least one antenna (2, 2?) and electronic tag components (4) cooperating with the antenna, wherein the antenna (2, 2?) and the electronic tag components (4) are positioned on a common substrate (3), wherein portions (3b) of the substrate encircled by the antenna (2, 2?) and not occupied by the electronic tag components (4) have been removed.

Abstract: A sensor chip (100) for detecting particles, the sensor chip (100) comprising a substrate (102), an electric connection structure (104) arranged in a surface portion of the substrate (102) and adapted for an electric connection to an electric connection element (106), a sensor active region (108) arranged in another surface portion of the substrate (102) and being sensitive to the presence of the particles to be detected, and a continuous dielectric layer (110) covering the substrate (102) including covering the electric connection structure (104) and the sensor active region (108).

Abstract: In an example embodiment, there is a sensor for detecting particles. The sensor comprises an electrode, a sensor active region covering the electrode and the sensor active region is sensitive-for the particles. A first switch element is operable to bring the electrode to a first electric potential when the first switch element is closed, and a second switch element is operable to bring the electrode to a second electric potential when the second switch element is closed. A detector is adapted to detect the particles based on a change of the electric properties of the sensor in an operation mode in which the electrode is brought to the first electric potential and an operation mode in which the electrode is brought to the second electric potential.

Abstract: A biosensor chip (100) for detecting biological particles, the biosensor chip (100) comprising a sensor active region (101) being sensitive for the biological particles and being arranged in a Back End of the Line portion (102) of the biosensor chip (100).

Abstract: An RFID tag (1, 1?) comprises at least one antenna (2, 2?) and electronic tag components (4) cooperating with the antenna, wherein the antenna (2, 2?) and the electronic tag components (4) are positioned on a common substrate (3), wherein portions (3b) of the substrate encircled by the antenna (2, 2?) and not occupied by the electronic tag components (4) have been removed.

Abstract: The electric device (1, 100) has a body (2, 102) having a resistor (7, 107) comprising a phase change material being changeable between a first phase and a second phase. The resistor (7, 107) has a first electrical resistance when the phase change material is in the first phase and a second electrical resistance, different from the first electrical resistance, when the phase change material is in the second phase. The body (2, 102) further has a heating element (6, 106) being able to conduct a current for enabling a transition from the first phase to the second phase. The heating element (6, 106) is arranged in parallel with the resistor (7, 107).

Abstract: Fabrication of a memory cell, the cell including a first floating gate stack (A), a second floating gate stack (B) and an intermediate access gate (AG), the floating gate stacks (A, B) including a first gate oxide (4), a floating gate (FG), a control gate (CG; CGl, CGu), an interpoly dielectric layer (8), a capping layer (6) and side-wall spacers (10), the cell further including source and drain contacts (22), wherein the fabrication includes: defining the floating gate stacks in the same processing steps to have equal heights; depositing over the floating gate stacks a poly-Si layer (12) with a larger thickness than the floating gate stacks' height; planarizing the poly-Si layer (12); defining the intermediate access gate (AG) in the planarized poly-Si layer (14) by means of an access gate masking step over the poly-Si layer between the floating gate stacks and a poly-Si etching step.

Abstract: The electric device (100) has a body (102) having a resistor (107) comprising a phase change material being changeable between a first phase and a second phase. The resistor (107) has a first electrical resistance when the phase change material is in the first phase, and a second electrical resistance, different from the first electrical resistance, when the phase change material is in the second phase. The phase change material constitutes a conductive path between a first contact area and a second contact area. A cross-section of the conductive path is smaller than the first contact area and the second contact area. The body (102) may further have a heating element 106 being able to conduct a current for enabling a transition from the first phase to the second phase. The heating element (106) is preferably arranged in parallel with the resistor (107).

Abstract: The present invention relates to electronic memories, more particularly to an improved method and apparatus to read the content of compact 2-transistor flash memory cells. A method of reading a 2-transistor flash memory cell 1 is provided. The memory cell 1 comprises a storage transistor 2 with a storage gate 6 and a selecting transistor 3 with a select gate 7. The method comprises leaving the storage gate 6 floating while the select gate 7 is switched from a first voltage to a second voltage, whereby the first voltage is lower than the second voltage. A device according to the present invention comprises a switching circuit for leaving the storage gate 6 floating while the select gate 7 is switched from the first voltage to the second voltage, the first voltage being lower than the second voltage.