Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of benzene derivatives from furfural and its derivatives. The present invention also relates to the preparation of novel intermediates derived from furfural and its derivatives. The present invention describes new routes for converting furfural and its derivatives into benzene derivatives including novel intermediates.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing at least one levulinate ester, said process comprising the reaction of furfuryl alcohol with at least one other alcohol in the presence of water and at least one catalyst, said furfuryl alcohol being present in a quantity of at least 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the alcohols, and said catalyst comprising at least one triflate ligand and at least one metal selected from bismuth, gallium, aluminum, tin and iron.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing at least one levulinate ester, said process comprising the reaction of furfuryl alcohol with at least one other alcohol in the presence of water and at least one catalyst, said furfuryl alcohol being present in a quantity of at least 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the alcohols, and said catalyst comprising at least one triflate ligand and at least one metal selected from bismuth, gallium, aluminum, tin and iron.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a polysaccharide comprising a step of the polymerization of a saccharide monomer by non-thermal plasma treatment.

Abstract: Providing a catalytic process for preparing 1,4-diketone compounds from furanic compounds and their precursors in a liquid medium, using an acid catalytic system and optionally in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the acidic catalytic system comprises a solid acid catalyst or a mixture of water and CO2.

Abstract: The invention provides a method, apparatus and system capable of releasing excess pressure above a predetermined point by opening and closing repeatedly through the actuation of a moving element. The said moving element is capable of bursting in case of a rise in pressure above a secondary predetermined point. The invention hence provides a way to regulate the pressure in two different manners depending on the severity of the overpressure.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the synthesis of glycerol dithiocarbamates or bis-dithiocarbamates (GDTCs) in which a reaction medium comprising (1) a carbonate selected from diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethylene or propylene carbonate associated with a glycerol type polyol in the presence of a basic catalyst or (2) a cyclic carbonate comprising five ring members, in a solvent medium, is supplemented with a primary or secondary amine in the presence of carbon disulphide, and the GDTC formed is recovered. In particular, a glycerol type polyol is brought into the presence of diethyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst, then a primary or secondary amine is added to the reaction medium in the presence of carbon disulphide, and the GDTC formed is recovered. The invention can be used for one-step synthesis of glycerol dithiocarbamates directly from glycerol as the starting material and solvent.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for the synthesis of glycerol dithiocarbamates or bis-dithiocarbamates (GDTCs) in which a reaction medium comprising (1) a carbonate selected from diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethylene or propylene carbonate associated with a glycerol type polyol in the presence of a basic catalyst or (2) a cyclic carbonate comprising five ring members, in a solvent medium, is supplemented with a primary or secondary amine in the presence of carbon disulphide, and the GDTC formed is recovered. In particular, a glycerol type polyol is brought into the presence of diethyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst, then a primary or secondary amine is added to the reaction medium in the presence of carbon disulphide, and the GDTC formed is recovered. The invention can be used for one-step synthesis of glycerol dithiocarbamates directly from glycerol as the starting material and solvent.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) are disclosed. The tetrapyrole ring in formula (I) can be substituted with a metal cation (M); R1, R2, R3 and R4 separately represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-4 alkyl or alkyloxy radical, or a phenyl radical optionally substituted by vinyl, hydroxy, nitro, amino, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, benzyloxy, or hydroxymethyl radicals; R5, R6, R7 and R8 separately represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-4 alkyl radical; Ra, Rb and Rc separately represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-4 alkyl or alkyloxy radical optionally substituted by a halogen, or a phenyl radical optionally substituted by vinyl, hydroxy, nitro, amino, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, benzyloxy, or hydroxymethyl radicals, wherein at least one of Ra, Rb, and Rc is a phenyl radical. Compounds of formula (I) bound to a silica, a sol-gel material or a mesoporous silica are useful for selective trapping of carbon monoxide.

Abstract: The invention concerns compounds of formula (I), wherein: R1, R2, R3 and R4 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a phenyl radical optionally substituted by one or several groups selected among vinyl, hydroxy, nitro, amino, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, benzyloxy radicals, alkyl or alkyloxy radicals comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or several bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo groups; R5, R6, R7 and R8 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Ra, Rb, and Rc represent a hydrogen atom, a phenyl radical optionally substituted by one or several groups selected among the vinyl, hydroxy, nitro, amino, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, benzyloxy radicals, alkyl or alkyloxy radicals comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by one or several bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo groups.

Abstract: Provided are techniques for extending the capabilities of pen-based interfaces. Embodiments are provided that receive an input that can include a selection, a confirmation, and/or a completion or cancellation. According to some embodiments tension-based techniques (hardwired or software) provide an interface whereby a user can confirm, cancel, or terminate a selected command gesture. The various embodiments employ techniques that include muscular tension and/or pen contact with a screen. Also provided are spring-once techniques that keeps the tool active for one use after a button has been deactivated.