Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for transmitting one or more PDUs by a WTRU that includes an application layer (AL) and processing circuitry. The method includes receiving at least one PDU from the AL and for each PDU, determining respective characteristic information and selecting a transmission mode configuration from a set of transmission mode configurations based on the respective characteristic information. The method further includes transmitting each of the at least one PDU to a wireless network based on the respective selected transmission mode configuration.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are provided for achieving dynamic quality of service (QoS) adaptation. Wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) methods and systems include storing configuration information indicating a plurality of QoS index values (QIDs) each associated with a set of QoS parameters. The methods and systems further include receiving a data unit and selecting a QID of the plurality of QIDs for the data unit based on an association between data units or a data flow corresponding to the data unit. The methods and systems further include transmitting the data unit to a wireless network based on the set of QoS parameters associated with the selected QID.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and instrumentalities associated with data allocation or multiplexing. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive an uplink transmission grant from a network device and determine a threshold condition associated with allocating data based on a sub-transport block (sub-TB) unit size. Based on a determination that the threshold condition is satisfied if a first set of data is allocated to a first portion of a transport block (TB) and a second set of data is allocated to a second portion of the TB, the WTRU may allocate the first set of data to the first portion of the TB and the second set of data to the second portion of the TB, wherein at least one of the first portion or the second portion of the TB may have a size equal to the sub-TB unit size. The WTRU may then transmit the TB using the uplink transmission grant and based on the sub-TB unit size.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products relating to linked QoS flow (LQF) configuration and/or operation. A method may include receiving LQF configuration information indicating any of (1) one or more QoS flows (2) a mutually exclusive indication indicating that the QoS flows are used mutually exclusively, (3) an identifier associated with a LQF group comprising the QoS flows. The method may include setting up the QoS flows based on the LQF configuration information, receiving a data unit comprising an urgency indicator indicating an urgency associated with the data unit and a QoS flow in the LQF group, selecting an active LQF based on the urgency indicator, and transmitting the data unit over the active LQF.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein related to providing information about multi-modal services to a radio access network (RAN). In examples, a first network node may receive information associated with an application layer session and a multi-modal service identifier (MMSID) that may be associated with the application layer session. The first network node may generate a policy and charging control (PCC) rule for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) using the received information. The MMSID may be used to generate an association ID. The PCC rule may be sent to a second network node. The PCC rule may include the association ID.

Abstract: A WTRU receives configuration information indicating a plurality of QoS classes. The WTRU receives a data flow comprising a plurality of data units associated with characteristics. The WTRU determines a first characteristic is associated with a first data unit and a second characteristic is associated with a second data unit. The WTRU determines, based on the first characteristic, a first QoS class is associated with the first data unit, and based on the second characteristic, a second QoS class is associated with the second data unit. The WTRU determines, based the first QoS class, a first set of transmission parameters for the first data unit, and, based on the second QoS class, a second set of transmission parameters for the second data unit. The WTRU transmits the first data unit using the first set and transmits the second data unit using the second set.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein associated with multi-flow prioritization and shaping. Per packet treatment for traffic shaping (e.g., UL traffic shaping) may be performed. Per packet treatment for traffic shaping may be performed based on a characteristic/condition associated with a data packet. Per packet treatment for traffic shaping may be performed based on a network signaling. Exclusion from traffic shaping may be determined, for example, on a per packet basis (e.g., based on a characteristic/condition associated with a data packet).

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and instrumentalities are described herein related to NR-XR resource allocation. A device (e.g., a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) may receive configuration information. The configuration information may indicate a logical channel prioritization (LCP) mapping indication. The LCP mapping indication may include one or more of a time-based condition or a priority-based condition. The WTRU may receive an indication of a data flow. The data flow may be mapped to a first logical channel. A protocol data unit (PDU) may be associated with the data flow. The WTRU may determine a transmission resource to use for transmission of the PDU. The determination of the transmission resource may be based on a condition being satisfied. The determined transmission resource may be associated with a second logical channel. A WTRU may transmit the PDU via the determined transmission resource that is associated with the second logical channel.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum management (DSM) engine may determine the channel quality of one or more channels associated with the DSM engine when packets are not being transmitted over the channels. For example, the DSM engine may trigger a channel quality measurement on a non-primary channel on a condition that a predetermined period of time has lapsed since the last activity associated with the non-primary channel. Channel quality measurement may be triggered via a data sending event on the non-primary channel such as sending a data frame on the non-primary channel. The DSM engine may perform respective quality measurements on multiple channels and store the respective quality values in a database. Time-averaged channel qualities for the channels may be computed based on the stored quality values for computing transmit power distribution of across the channels.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum management (DSM) engine may determine the channel quality of one or more channels associated with the DSM engine when packets are not being transmitted over the channels. For example, the DSM engine may trigger a channel quality measurement on a non-primary channel on a condition that a predetermined period of time has lapsed since the last activity associated with the non-primary channel. Channel quality measurement may be triggered via a data sending event on the non-primary channel such as sending a data frame on the non-primary channel. The DSM engine may perform respective quality measurements on multiple channels and store the respective quality values in a database. Time-averaged channel qualities for the channels may be computed based on the stored quality values for computing transmit power distribution of across the channels.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum management (DSM) system includes a plurality of stations and a central entity. A plurality of different radio access technologies are deployed in the DSM system and the central entity coordinates and manages wireless communications in the network. A direct link station receives a beacon periodically from an access point (AP). The direct link station may receive a direct link synchronization message from the AP indicating that a following target beacon transmission time (TBTT) is a synchronization TBTT (STBTT). The direct link station may silence the direct link channels during the STBTT. The direct link station may perform carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) on a primary channel of the direct link to get an access to all direct link channels. A connectivity map procedure may be performed to establish a map for connectivity, services, or capabilities of the devices in the network.