Abstract: Tundish for continous casting of steel, of the type comprising a permanent refractory, cast on a frame of sheet metal defining the outer wall of the tundish and on which a refractory wear has been laid. In the body of the permanent refractory, there is provided a gas duct which penetrates into the permanent refractory at the level of the upper edge of the tundish and extends to the bottom of the tundish into a gas distribution chamber, which is covered with a surface distributed gas permeable plate. Application to the continuous casting of steels for tundish between casting ladle and ingot molds.

Abstract: A killed steel is stirred in a ladle with the aid of gaseous carbon dioxide. Before the beginning of the stirring in the ladle, there is added to the quantity of deoxidizer usually employed, a supplementary quantity of deoxidizer in the molten metal, the rate of supply of carbon dioxide, bearing in mind the capacity of the ladle and the duration of the stirring, remaining less than or equal to the maximum rate of supply corresponding to the oxidation of the supplementary quantity of deoxidizer at the end of the stirring.

Abstract: The invention relates to the protection of a casting jet of molten metal, flowing between an upper storage tank and a lower receiving vessel. At least one inert liquefied gas is injected above and close to the surface of the molten metal contained in the lower vessel, and, at the same time, at least one inert gas is injected into the molten metal through the base or the walls of the lower vessel. The process of this invention protects metal casting jets from oxidation, for example, jets between ladle and manifold, between ladle and ingot mold, between ladle and ladle, or between converter (or furnace) and ladle.