Abstract: The removal of sulfur oxides (SO.sub.x) and nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) from combustion effluents is enhanced by the supplying of reactants in a particular distribution pattern in the gas flow. To achieve the particular distribution pattern and to avoid impingement of the reactant on the heat exchanger tubes of the combustor, an elongated injection lance comprising c cooling jacket and plural spaced injections ports is employed. The cooling jacket protects the reactant supply to the injection ports from the high temperatures of the combustion gases.

Abstract: A burner apparatus having particular advantage for use with rotary kilns of the type used to process cement, lime, and the like, provides adjustable flame geometry and location within the combustion zone. Either gaseous or liquid fuels can be fired with highly selective heat flux as required for processing. Air and gaseous fuel injection means are controllable to vary the velocity of injection and thereby alter flame geometry. This is achieved by disposing an axially-adjustable control baffle in a crossectional area of changing transition section formed by coaxial members, between which an air supply conduit is formed. The control baffle is cylindrical and fits in and moves within the air supply conduit. The transition section has frustoconical surfaces opposite frustoconical surfaces on the control baffle so that different gaseous mass flow can be regulated around a central flame resulting in an adjustable flame geometry.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are described with which pulverized coal can be burned with an essentially non-turbulent flame in which the residence time of individual cool particles within the burner flame is generally increased. Pulverized cool is supplied through a plurality of annularly-distributed conduits. A supply of secondary air is passed around the conduits in a manner so as to produce an axial or low turbulent flow of air from the burner with a relatively small amount of the combustion air being swirled to produce a vortex suitable to anchor the burner flame. The pulverized solid fuel is injected to enter both the vortex and flame regions so as to expose a large portion of fuel particles to a low turbulent diffusion flame in which oxygen reaches burning particles primarily by way of a diffusion process.