Abstract: An in vitro skin equivalent includes at least one epidermis equivalent and at least one dermis equivalent, and further includes melanocytes constitutively producing melanin and fibroblasts.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for evaluating the epidermal homeostasis of the skin of a subject, comprising differential analysis of the expression of a gene, preferably of two genes, selected from the group of genes consisting of KRT6B, KRT16, ESRRA, CBX3, MAP3K5, TRIO, PIK3CD, TCRB, PRRG2, ICP22BP, GPX3, GBA, BPGM, NID1, SMT3H2, LGALS2, DOC1, PRKCG, S100A8, S100A9, S100A2, S100A7, K15, SPRR1B and GSN in response to a physical or chemical challenge of the stratum corneum. It also concerns various methods for diagnosing the state of the epidermis of an individual and methods for detecting and screening products or procedures which can improve epidermal homeostasis. The invention also pertains to kits and arrays which can be used in these various methods and processes.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a molecular signature of cutaneous pigmentary spots, comprising the genes TGFBR2, TGFBI, BMP2, SMAD3, THBS2, TGFBR3, SEMA5A, SMAD7, SOSTDC1, FRAS1, LEPREL1, MATN2, DST, PLOD2, ITGA2, COL6A3, CRTAP, LAMC1, LAMB3, LAMA3, ITGAV, ITGB1 and ACTN1, and various applications of this signature. In particular, the invention concerns a method for characterizing a known or suspected pigmentary spot in a human being, comprising comparing the levels of expression in skin samples obtained from said spot and from adjacent undamaged skin, of at least one dermal gene linked to the extracellular matrix selected from the list constituted by the genes TGFBR2, TGFBI, BMP2, SMAD3, THBS2, TGFBR3, SEMA5A, SMAD7, SOSTDC1, FRAS1, LEPREL1, MATN2, DST, PLOD2, ITGA2, COL6A3, CRTAP, LAMC1, LAMB3, LAMA3, ITGAV, ITGB1 and ACTN1.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for determining the state of epidermal differentiation of a human keratinocyte in a sample of human epithelium, comprising determining the level of expression of at least one miRNA selected from hsa-miR-455-3p, hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-148a, hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-224, hsa-miR-26a, hsa-miR-26b, hsa-miR-361-5p, hsa-miR-425, hsa-miR-92b, hsa-let-7i, hsa-miR-22, hsa-miR-221, hsa-miR-222, hsa-miR-29a, hsa-miR-29b, hsa-miR-663, hsa-miR-30a and hsa-miR-30c within said keratinocyte and comparing the level of expression of the selected miRNA or miRNAs with the mean level of expression of the selected miRNA or miRNAs in non-differentiated keratinocytes, or in differentiated epidermal keratinocytes, preferably originating from the same strain or from the same population. The present invention also concerns various uses of the method for determining the state of epidermal differentiation as well as pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a molecular signature of cutaneous pigmentary spots, comprising the genes MXRA5, LYZ, CTSL2, PLAU, TIMP1, EFEMP1, ECM1, ASPN, HS3ST6, PAPLN, CHSY1 and FLRT2, and various applications of this signature. In particular, the invention concerns a method for characterizing a known or suspected pigmentary spot in a human being, comprising comparing the levels of expression in skin samples obtained from said spot and from adjacent undamaged skin, of at least one dermal gene linked to matrix remodelling or to its extracellular proteoglycan and glycoprotein components, selected from the list constituted by the genes MXRA5, LYZ, CTSL2, PLAU, TIMP1, EFEMP1, ECM1, ASPN, HS3ST6, PAPLN, CHSY1 and FLRT2. The invention also concerns methods for evaluating the efficacy of a pigmentary spot treatment, cosmetic and therapeutic methods for the treatment of pigmentary spots, and various modulators for said genes, and their use.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for determining the state of epidermal differentiation of a human keratinocyte in a sample of human epithelium, comprising determining the level of expression of at least one miRNA selected from hsa-miR-455-3p, hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-148a, hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-224, hsa-miR-26a, hsa-miR-26b, hsa-miR-361-5p, hsa-miR-425, hsa-miR-92b, hsa-let-7i, hsa-miR-22, hsa-miR-221, hsa-miR-222, hsa-miR-29a, hsa-miR-29b, hsa-miR-663, hsa-miR-30a and hsa-miR-30c within said keratinocyte and comparing the level of expression of the selected miRNA or miRNAs with the mean level of expression of the selected miRNA or miRNAs in non-differentiated keratinocytes, or in differentiated epidermal keratinocytes, preferably originating from the same strain or from the same population. The present invention also concerns various uses of the method for determining the state of epidermal differentiation as well as pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for evaluating the epidermal homeostasis of the skin of a subject, comprising differential analysis of the expression of a gene, preferably of two genes, selected from the group of genes consisting of KRT6B, KRT16, ESRRA, CBX3, MAP3K5, TRIO, PIK3CD, TCRB, PRRG2, ICP22BP, GPX3, GBA, BPGM, NID1, SMT3H2, LGALS2, DOC1, PRKCG, S100A8, S100A9, S100A2, S100A7, K15, SPRR1B and GSN in response to a physical or chemical challenge of the stratum corneum. It also concerns various methods for diagnosing the state of the epidermis of an individual and methods for detecting and screening products or procedures which can improve epidermal homeostasis. The invention also pertains to kits and arrays which can be used in these various methods and processes.

Abstract: An in vitro skin equivalent includes at least one epidermis equivalent and at least one dermis equivalent, and further includes melanocytes constitutively producing melanin and fibroblasts.

Abstract: The adverse/deleterious signs or effects of skin aging, for example, wrinkles and fine lines, withered skin, flabby skin, thinning of the dermis, etc., are inhibited/treated by topically applying onto the skin, hair and/or mucous membranes of an individual subject in need of such treatment, a thus effective amount of at least one extract of at least one plant of the Rosmarinus genus, or cosmetic/dermatological composition comprised thereof.

Abstract: Cosmetic/dermatological compositions useful for preventing and/or combating the degradation of collagen fibers induced by solar radiation typically characterized by a UV-A/UV-B ratio ranging from 10 and 17, advantageously formulated for topical application onto the skin and/or scalp, contain a thus effective amount of at least one inhibitor of the production of photoinduced keratinocytic cytosoluble factors, notably sodium butyrate.

Abstract: The adverse/deleterious signs or effects of skin aging, for example, wrinkles and fine lines, withered skin, flabby skin, thinning of the dermis, etc., are inhibited/treated by topically applying onto the skin, hair and/or mucous membranes of an individual subject in need of such treatment, a thus effective amount of at least one extract of at least one plant of the Rosmarinus genus, or cosmetic/dermatological composition comprised thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the pharmaceutical or cosmetic use of a composition comprising, in a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable medium, ascorbic acid or an analogue thereof to reinforce the cohesion of the dermo-epidermal junction.

Abstract: The adverse/deleterious signs or effects of skin aging, for example, wrinkles and fine lines, withered skin, flabby skin, thinning of the dermis, etc., are inhibited/treated by topically applying onto the skin, hair and/or mucous membranes of an individual subject in need of such treatment, a thus effective amount of at least one extract of at least one plant of the Rosmarinus genus, or cosmetic/dermatological composition comprised thereof.