Abstract: The homogeneous catalysis of the hydrocarbonylation of olefins using a catalyst comprising a complex between an organic ligand and a Group VIII noble metal hydride carbonyl. The reaction is performed at mild conditions including temperatures from 50.degree.-200.degree. C. and pressures from 1 to 10,000 atmospheres to produce a predominantly aldehyde product having a high normal to iso distribution. The aldehyde products so produced are useful as intermediates for hydrogenation to aliphatic alcohols, for aldol condensation to produce plasticizers, for oxidation to produce aliphatic acids, etc.

Abstract: A high yield of straight chain aldehydes, relative to branched chain aldehydes, is obtained by limiting the supply of carbon monoxide to the reaction to a value where the rate of reaction is dependent upon the concentration of carbon monoxide in the homogeneous catalysis of the hydrocarbonylation of hydrocarbon alpha olefins using a catalyst comprising a complex between an organic ligand and a Group VIII noble metal hydride or halide carbonyl. The reaction is performed at mild conditions including temperatures from 50.degree.-200.degree. C. and pressures from 1 to 10,000 atmospheres to produce aldehydes. The aldehydes are useful as intermediates for hydrogenation to aliphatic alcohols, for aldol condensation to produce plasticizers, for oxidation to produce aliphatic acids, etc.

Abstract: An ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon is hydroformylated to an aldehyde having one more carbon than the unsaturated hydrocarbon by contacting the unsaturated hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a reaction medium comprising a Group VIII noble metal and a bicyclo or tricyclo(heterocyclo) saturated amine having 2 to 10 carbons, 1 to 4 nitrogens and at least one nitrogen in a bridgehead position. Liquid phase contacting is employed with the catalyst dispersed in a liquid phase at temperatures from 50.degree. to about 200.degree. C. and pressures from 1 to 300 atmospheres. A typical reaction comprises contacting ethylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a temperature of about 88.degree. C. and a pressure of 50 atmospheres with an inert liquid reaction medium containing rhodium chloride and triethylenediamine. Preferably the reaction medium also contains a biphyllic ligand which is a trivalent phosphorus, antimony or arsenic organic compound.

Abstract: The homogeneous catalysis of the hydrocarbonylation of mono-olefins and non-conjugated polyolefins using a catalyst comprising a complex between an organic ligand and a Group VIII noble metal hydride carbonyl. The reaction is performed at mild conditions including temperatures from 50.degree.-200.degree.C. and pressures from 1 to 10,000 atmospheres to produce a predominantly aldehyde product having a high normal to iso distribution. The aldehyde products so produced are useful as intermediates for hydrogenation to aliphatic alcohols, for aldol condensation to produce plasticizers, for oxidation to produce aliphatic acids, etc.