Abstract: Cost effective, semi-continuous flow methods and systems for synthesizing the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in high yield are provided. The synthesis method that uses simple, inexpensive reagents to obtain the crucial intermediate 5-(ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino)pentan-2-one, vertical-integration of the starting material 5-iodopentan-2-one and the integration of continuous stirred tank reactors.

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin are provided. The methods utilize affordable materials, reduce the number of synthesis steps and provide high yields.

Abstract: Cost effective, semi-continuous flow methods and systems for synthesizing the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in high yield are provided. The synthesis method that uses simple, inexpensive reagents to obtain the crucial intermediate 5-(ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino)pentan-2-one, vertical-integration of the starting material 5-iodopentan-2-one and the integration of continuous stirred tank reactors.

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin are provided. The methods utilize affordable materials, reduce the number of synthesis steps and provide high yields.

Abstract: Chelation directed C—H activation reactions that are catalyzed by Pd(11) on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT), or graphene are provided. The reactions are used to directly and regioselectively or regiospecifically functionalize specific C—H bonds, e.g. to build complexity into small molecules. Features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description of invention that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. The invention will be realized and attained by the compositions and methods particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.

Abstract: A method of making a 2-halonicotinonitrile comprises reacting an alkylidene nitrile with a C1-compound in an organic solvent and a dehydrating agent. The dehydrating agent substantially retards dimerization of the alkylidene nitrile during the reaction. The enamine intermediate that forms from the reaction is cyclized using a halide donor to make the 2-halonicotinonitrile.

Abstract: Chelation directed C—H activation reactions that are catalyzed by Pd(11) on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT), or graphene are provided. The reactions are used to directly and regioselectively or regiospecifically functionalize specific C—H bonds, e.g. to build complexity into small molecules. Features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description of invention that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. The invention will be realized and attained by the compositions and methods particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.

Abstract: A method of making a 2-halonicotinonitrile comprises reacting an alkylidene nitrile with a C1-compound in an organic solvent and a dehydrating agent. The dehydrating agent substantially retards dimerization of the alkylidene nitrile during the reaction. The enamine intermediate that forms from the reaction is cyclized using a halide donor to make the 2-halonicotinonitrile.