Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cryptographic authentication in access security systems. The aim of the invention is to provide a software solution. To this end, the method for secured storage of counter states in a non-volatile memory (EEPROM) (10) involves an incrementing (11) process, and the current counter state is updated in only one EEPROM segment following each incrementing process (11), a subsequent access to the EEPROM (10) only being enabled in the event of a successful incrementing (11) of an EEPROM-based counter.

Abstract: First and second devices (7, 8) are configured to transmit and receive signals wirelessly and have first and second clocks respectively for determining signal transmission and arrival times. The first device transmits first and second signals (9, 10) and the second device transmits a third signal (11). By introducing a delay into the first signal, a thief may be able to fool the devices into thinking that they are closer than they really are. To help identify if a delay has been introduced into the first signal, the first device calculates a ratio of clock rates for the first and second clocks and determines whether the calculated ratio falls within a predefined range.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cryptographic authentication in access security systems. The aim of the invention is to provide a software solution. To this end, the method for secured storage of counter states in a non-volatile memory (EEPROM) (10) involves an incrementing (11) process, and the current counter state is updated in only one EEPROM segment following each incrementing process (11), a subsequent access to the EEPROM (10) only being enabled in the event of a successful incrementing (11) of an EEPROM-based counter.

Abstract: First and second devices (7, 8) are configured to transmit and receive signals wirelessly and have first and second clocks respectively for determining signal transmission and arrival times. The first device transmits first and second signals (9, 10) and the second device transmits a third signal (11). By introducing a delay into the first signal, a thief may be able to fool the devices into thinking that they are closer than they really are. To help identify if a delay has been introduced into the first signal, the first device calculates a ratio of clock rates for the first and second clocks and determines whether the calculated ratio falls within a predefined range.

Abstract: In order that an electronic communications system (100) equipped with: [a.1] at least one base station (10), to which [a.2] at least one LC resonant circuit (13, 16) [a.2.1] with at least one antenna unit (16) in the form of a coil, and [a.2.2] at least one capacitive unit (13) series-connected to the antenna unit (16) is assigned, which base station (10) is arranged, in particular, on an object to be secured against unauthorized use and/or against unauthorized access, such as on a means of locomotion, on an access system or on an entry system, and [b.1] at least one transponder station (40), to which [b.

Abstract: In order to further develop a system (100) and a method for calibrating the clock frequency of at least one clock generator unit (38), in particular oscillator unit, that is assigned to at least one transmitting/receiving module (30), wherein—the transmitting/receiving module (30) communicates with at least one microcontroller unit (10) over at least one data line (20) and—the clock generator unit (38) is assigned at least one calibration unit (36), in such a manner that with significantly reduced system costs the clock frequency of the clock generator unit (38) can be calibrated with very high accuracy, it is proposed that—in order to calibrate the clock frequency of the clock generator unit (38) at least one calibration unit (36) is assigned to the clock generator unit 38), —the calibration unit (36) can be set in binary terms by means of at least one command signal (COM) via the data line (20), —the clock generator unit (38) is assigned at least one binary counter (34) that is clocked by the clock generato

Abstract: In order to further develop a system (100) and a method for calibrating the clock frequency of at least one clock generator unit (38), in particular oscillator unit, that is assigned to at least one transmitting/receiving module (30), wherein—the transmitting/receiving module (30) communicates with at least one microcontroller unit (10) over at least one data line (20) and—the clock generator unit (38) is assigned at least one calibration unit (36), in such a manner that with significantly reduced system costs the clock frequency of the clock generator unit (38) can be calibrated with very high accuracy, it is proposed that—in order to calibrate the clock frequency of the clock generator unit (38) at least one calibration unit (36) is assigned to the clock generator unit (38),—the calibration unit (36) can be set in binary terms by means of at least one command signal (COM) via the data line (20),—the clock generator unit (38) is assigned at least one binary counter (34) that is clocked by the clock generator

Abstract: Method for realizing a binary counter that changes a partly permuted data word stored in a non-volatile memory and including a counter and a working memory and storing a data word in the form of memory words in the non-volatile memory. The method further comprises reading the memory words of the data word and storing the memory words in the working memory while performing an inverse reordering of k permutation bits of the data word, applying an inverse bijective mapping function to the k permutation bits of the data word, altering the data word, applying a bijective mapping function to the k permutation bits of the data word, performing a reordering of the k permutation bits, and checking each memory word for deviations from the memory word stored in the non-volatile memory and storing only those memory words in the non-volatile memory again for which this is the case.

Abstract: In an arrangement for storing a count, which comprises a non-volatile memory (1) which has at least 3 memory segments (2, 3, 4), a controller (5) is provided which stores a new count in one of the memory segments (2, 3, 4), the controller (5) for selecting this memory segment (2, 3 or) searching for the memory segment whose stored value has a larger difference from the stored values of the other memory segments than the stored values of the other memory segments and which controller, should such a segment exist, selects this segment for storing the new count. If, conversely, no such segment exists, the controller selects a memory segment (2, 3, 4) in accordance with a selection instruction oriented to the memory contents.

Abstract: An arrangement for a passive keyless entry system is disclosed, comprising a base station and a portable data carrier, wherein the data carrier and the base station are configured to determine authorized access of the base station, wherein first and second position information of the relative position of the data carrier with respect to the antenna coils and UHF receiver stages of the base station is gained from measurements of the low-frequency, magnetic alternating fields transmitted by LF transmitter stages of the base station to the data carrier, and the UHF signal transmitted by a UHF transmitter stage of the data carrier to the base station, wherein a signal representing authorized access is generated by the base station when both position information components differ by less than a predetermined extent.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for position assignment of vehicle wheels (2, 4, 6, 8), in which means (3, 5, 7, 9) for detecting the number of rotations and turning direction of the wheel (2, 4, 6, 8) are assigned to each wheel (2, 4, 6, 8). In accordance with two further embodiments, a steering sensor (11) is provided instead of the means for detecting the turning direction of the wheel. In all embodiments, the vehicle is provided with an evaluation unit (10) which, in the case of a curved trajectory of the vehicle (11), performs a vehicle position assignment of the individual wheels (2, 4, 6, 8) with reference to the number of rotations and turning directions detected for each wheel (2, 4, 6, 8) and possibly with reference to the steering direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for realizing a binary counter which decrements or increments a partly permuted data word which is stored in a non-volatile memory (1), which arrangement is provided with a counter and a working memory (2), a data word being stored in the form of at least two memory words in the non-volatile memory (1), which arrangement:

Abstract: In an arrangement for storing a count, which comprises a non-volatile memory (1) which has at least 3 memory segments (2, 3, 4), a controller (5) is provided which stores a new count in one of the memory segments (2, 3, 4), the controller (5) for selecting this memory segment (2, 3 or) searching for the memory segment whose stored value has a larger difference from the stored values of the other memory segments than the stored values of the other memory segments and which controller, should such a segment exist, selects this segment for storing the new count. If, conversely, no such segment exists, the controller selects a memory segment (2, 3, 4) in accordance with a selection instruction oriented to the memory contents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of encrypting the data transmission in a data processing unit such as particularly a smart card. While optimally utilizing the working memory, the method elucidated hereinbefore allows computation of the multiplicative inverse value u−1(mod v) of an integer u modulo v which is required for performing an RSA algorithm. A Euclidic algorithm for computing the greatest common divisor of u and v is performed with two variables a, b, which are initialized with u and v.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for position assignment of vehicle wheels (2, 4, 6, 8), in which means (3, 5, 7, 9) for detecting the number of rotations and turning direction of the wheel (2, 4, 6, 8) are assigned to each wheel (2, 4, 6, 8). In accordance with two further embodiments, a steering sensor (11) is provided instead of the means for detecting the turning direction of the wheel. In all embodiments, the vehicle is provided with an evaluation unit (10) which, in the case of a curved trajectory of the vehicle (11), performs a vehicle position assignment of the individual wheels (2, 4, 6, 8) with reference to the number of rotations and turning directions detected for each wheel (2, 4, 6, 8) and possibly with reference to the steering direction.

Abstract: The respective resonance frequencies of resonant circuits in the base station and the transponder in identification systems are tuned to a transmission frequency for the wireless transmission of data and energy. In order to achieve an as high as possible transmission efficiency, the resonant circuits must be very accurately tuned to the transmission frequency. Because these systems are subject to temperature fluctuations and other environmental conditions, and manufacture-inherent component tolerances also occur, it is difficult to ensure reliable operation within a tolerance range in which reliable data and energy transmission is possible. Extending this tolerance range would enhance the reliability of these systems. The tolerance range can be extended by increasing the power with which the resonant circuit operates. However, in the case of 100% tuning a field strength is then reached which is substantially larger than necessary for the data and energy transmission.

Abstract: The configuration of an entry security system, hereinafter also referred to as passive keyless entry system (PKE), is described, having a greatly improved resistance against external attacks. The system according to the invention can be used in the field of motor vehicle entry systems and is also suitable for realizing chip card-based secure entry systems in the field of security for buildings.