Abstract: A substrate arrangement includes: a first metallization layer, nanowires arranged on a surface of the first metallization layer; and a component arranged on the first metallization layer such that a first subset of the nanowires is arranged between the first metallization layer and the component. The nanowires are evenly distributed over a section of the surface area or over the entire surface area of the first metallization layer. Each nanowire includes first and second ends. The first end of each nanowire is inseparably connected to the surface of the first metallization layer. The second end of each nanowire of the first subset is inseparably connected to a surface of one of the component such that the first subset of nanowires forms a permanent connection between the first metallization layer and the component. There are fewer nanowires in the first subset of nanowires than there are total nanowires.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for etching at least one surface of a plastic substrate, the method comprising steps (A) to (C), wherein step (B) comprises a contacting with a pre-treatment composition comprising one or more than one fluorine-free surface-active compound, and step (C) comprises a contacting with an etching composition comprising one or more than one manganese species, wherein after step (B) and prior to step (C) no rinsing is applied, and the etching composition is substantially free of, preferably does not comprise, fluorine-containing surface-active compounds.

Abstract: A preload mechanism for an actuator is disclosed that includes a rotating element configured to rotate about a pivot. The preload mechanism also includes a bias element with a first end that is coupled to a second contact point of the rotating element and a second end configured to be pinned relative to the pivot. The bias element has a line of action extending from the second end through the first end. The line of action has an offset distance that is the minimum distance between the line of action and the pivot. The offset distance has a first value when the rotating element is in the first position and a second value when the rotating element is the second position, the second value being smaller than the first value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for etching at least one surface of a plastic substrate, the method comprising steps (A) to (C), wherein step (B) comprises a contacting with a pre-treatment composition comprising one or more than one fluorine-free surface active compound, and step (C) comprises a contacting with an etching composition comprising chromic acid, wherein after step (B) and prior to step (C) no rinsing is applied, and the etching composition is substantially free of fluorine-containing surface active compounds.

Abstract: There is provided a method for suspending roller tappets in an internal combustion engine without removal of the cylinder head and gasket. The rocker arm assembly is removed. Each push rod is then removed and replaced with tappet suspension tool to engage a corresponding roller tappet. A suspension tool guide bar is then installed to connect to the tappet suspension tools. The roller tappets are then simultaneously moved to a raised position away from the camshaft forming a clearance between the roller tappets and camshaft bearings. The roller tappets are then secured in the raised position by a securing block. The camshaft can then be removed from the engine block. Alternatively, the rear half of the front cover can be removed by first removing the idler gears, followed by removal of the camshaft, and last removing the rear half of the front cover from the engine case.

Abstract: A retaining device having an elastic annular collar as a retainer for mounting a vibrating part to obtain, in a constructionally simple manner, good outward encapsulation, for fitting it into a soft part. The retaining device is a retaining ring which surrounds the vibrating part at a radial distance and has longitudinal slots which are distributed around the circumference and run in the circumferential direction. Pins are provided adjacent to and perpendicular to the slots, on which the elastic annular collar is mounted, such that the elastic annular collar does not come into contact with the retaining ring.