Abstract: A method for producing a lubricant in producing an overbased calcium sulfonate, which is converted from the vaterite form into the calcite form and, finally, a calcium sulfonate grease is produced by heating the mixture. A lubricant may comprise at least one ester composition, calcium carbonate and at least one overbased alkylbenzene sulfonate. The basicity of the mixture is limited during the preparation of the overbased calcium sulfonate to a TBN of at most 550 mg KOH/g and during the conversion of the calcium sulfonate to a TBN of at most 450 mg KOH/g. Both the calcium sulfonate and the grease containing said calcium sulfonate may be produced exclusively on an ester basis, so that the end product does not contain any mineral oil and is therefore easily and completely biodegradable.

Abstract: A method for producing a lubricant in producing an overbased calcium sulfonate, which is converted from the vaterite form into the calcite form and, finally, a calcium sulfonate grease is produced by heating the mixture. A lubricant may comprise at least one ester composition, calcium carbonate and at least one overbased alkylbenzene sulfonate. The basicity of the mixture is limited during the preparation of the overbased calcium sulfonate to a TBN of at most 550 mg KOH/g and during the conversion of the calcium sulfonate to a TBN of at most 450 mg KOH/g. Both the calcium sulfonate and the grease containing said calcium sulfonate may be produced exclusively on an ester basis, so that the end product does not contain any mineral oil and is therefore easily and completely biodegradable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transformer oil composition comprising at least one acid interceptor. The invention further relates to the use of acid interceptor in transformer oils for improving stability.

Abstract: A higher-yielding process for the production of monoglycerides in which triglycerides are enzymatically reacted with a catalytic amount of an esterase, preferably lipase, that has been activated by the addition of alkaline salts, in the presence of linear or branched alcohols containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, then the esterase may be deactivated and it and the remaining alcohol removed, with the monoglycerides thus produced useful in lubricants, fuel additives, and emulsifying constituents in foods, and cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical formulations.

Abstract: A higher-yielding process for the production of monoglycerides in which triglycerides are enzymatically reacted with a catalytic amount of an esterase, preferably lipase, that has been activated by the addition of alkaline salts, in the presence of linear or branched alcohols containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, then the esterase may be deactivated and it and the remaining alcohol removed, with the monoglycerides thus produced useful in lubricants, fuel additives, and emulsifying constituents in foods, and cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical formulations.

Abstract: Compositions comprising: (i) a fuel component selected from the group consisting of diesel, gasoline, kerosene, other hydrocarbons which are liquid at room temperature and mixtures thereof; and (ii) and an additive of the general formula (I) are described: R—COO—(CnH2n—O)k—H??(I) wherein R represents a mono- or poly-unsaturated alkylene group having from 10 to 17 carbon atoms, n is 2 or 3, and k represents a number of from 0.5 to 3; wherein the fuel component is present in an amount of more than 50% by weight, wherein the additive is present in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.1% by weight; and wherein the composition has a sulfur content of 0.2% by weight or less, all weight percents based on the composition.

Abstract: There is described a fuel additive composition comprising an oleic alkanolamide and an alkoxylated oleic acid. There is also described a fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon fuel and a fuel additive comprising an oleic alkanolamide and an alkoxylated oleic acid and also a method of running a combustion engine using the fuel if the invention.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting a liquid hydrocarbon from foaming involving: (a) providing a liquid hydrocarbon; (b) providing a defoamer additive containing: (i) an ester corresponding to formula (I) R1—COO—R2??(I) wherein R1 and R2 are, independent of each other, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radicals having from about 6 to 16 carbon atoms, as a defoamer; and (ii) optionally, a co-defoamer selected from the group consisting of a non-alkoxylated ester of a polyol having from about 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and from about 2 to 4 OH groups, a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acid having from about 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof; and (c) adding a foam-inhibiting effective amount of (b) to (a).

Abstract: The invention relates to fuel compositions containing over 50% percent by weight diesel, gasoline, kerosene, or other hydrocarbons which are liquid at room temperature. The invention is characterized in that the compositions contain 0.001 to 0.1 percent by weight of an additive of formula (I), wherein R represents a monounsaturated or polyunsaturated alkylene radical with 17 C atoms, n is 2 or 3 and k represents a number between 0.5 and 3, with the proviso that the sulfur content in the fuel composition docs not exceed a maximum of 0.2 percent by weight.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition is comprised of diesel oil and a lubricity additive of the formula (I):

Abstract: A process for imparting lubricity to an aqueous drilling fluid used in geological exploration involving: (a) providing an aqueous drilling fluid; (b) providing a lubricant component containing a partial glyceride of predominantly unsaturated fatty acids having from about 16 to 24 carbon atoms; and (c) introducing the partial glyceride into the aqueous drilling fluid.

Abstract: There is described a fuel additive composition comprising an oleic alkanolamide and an alkoxylated oleic acid. There is also described a fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon fuel and a fuel additive comprising an oleic alkanolamide and an alkoxylated oleic acid and also a method of running a combustion engine using the fuel if the invention.

Abstract: A synthetic ester comprising a reaction product of: (a) a polyol corresponding to formula I: 1

Abstract: Aqueous diesel oils are disclosed which may be stored over several days without separating out as a result of the added emulsifier mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for defoaming liquid hydrocarbons, whereby these vinyl alkylether polymerizates of general formula (I), in which R represents a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl radical with 2 to 18 C atoms, and n represents a number >1, are added in quantities ranging from 1 to 2000 ppm.

Abstract: Processes for preparing alkylene glycol esters of dimer fatty acids according to the general formula (I): H—(OR)n—O(O)C—R1—C(O)O—(RO)n—H  (I) wherein R1 represents a hydrocarbon radical of a dimer fatty acid having from about 24 to about 44 carbon atoms, and each R independently represents an alkyl radical having from about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms, and each n independently represents a number of from about 0.25 to about 3.0, are described. The processes include: (a) providing dimer fatty acids; (b) providing an alkylene oxide; and (c) reacting the dimer fatty acids and the alkylene oxide, in the presence of a catalytically-effective amount of at least one alkanolamine.

Abstract: The invention pertains to synthetic esters containing a) fatty acid mixtures with an oleic acid content of 85 wt % and a stearic acid content of 0.5 to 2.5 wt %, both relative to the mixture, b) alcohols and c) as desired, polyfunctional carboxylic acids. The invention also relates to hydraulic oils based on these esters, and to the use of the esters as lubricants, as hydraulic oils and in cosmetics.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing .alpha.-branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with 12 to 48 carbon atoms. In a first step of the process (a), .alpha.-branched aliphatic monohydric alcohols (Guerbet alcohols) are converted in the presence of caustic alkali into the alkali salts of the corresponding .alpha.-branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids. In a second step of the process (b), the .alpha.-branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids are released from the alkali salts by soap splitting in the presence of an inert diluting agent.

Abstract: Hydraulic oils containing a biodegradable base oil comprising eithera) the product of the ethoxylation and/or propoxylation of glycerol with from about 0.5 to about 3 moles of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and subsequent esterification with a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.6-24 fatty acid, or mixtures thereof; orb) the product of the insertion of from about 0.5 to about 3 moles of EO and/or PO into a natural oil or fat other than castor oil.

Abstract: Hydraulic oils containing as a base oil at least one Guerbet alcohol of the formula R--OH in which R is a single branched radical containing from 24 to 44 carbon atoms and having an iodine value of from 20 to 150.