Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising NPN compound coated with a bypass agent allowing ruminal bypass of the composition and a method for increasing fiber digestibility, a method for increasing feed intake, a method for increasing somatic growth, a method for increasing milk production, a method for reducing N excretion in a ruminant, a method for improving rumen pH stability in a ruminant, a method for preventing or reducing ammonia toxicity in the rumen. The compositions and methods of the invention are particularly suitable for ruminants that are held in harsh climates and/or at remote locations from a farm.

Abstract: A method for operating an electromechanical brake booster. A pedal force is ascertained, a brake pressure is ascertained from the pedal force by an actuator, and the brake pressure applied to frictional brakes is set, thereby producing a vehicle deceleration. The actuator has a standard configuration wherein, in response to the pedal force, a brake pressure is ascertained that produces a specified standard deceleration of the motor vehicle if a specified disturbance variable has a specified standard value. The influence of the disturbance variable on the vehicle deceleration is compensated. The actuator has at least one control parameter for setting a compensation configuration, an actual value of the disturbance variable is detected, and the compensation configuration is set based on the respective difference between the ascertained actual value and the standard value.

Abstract: A method for operating an electromechanical brake booster. A pedal force is ascertained, a brake pressure is ascertained from the pedal force by an actuator, and the brake pressure applied to frictional brakes is set, thereby producing a vehicle deceleration. The actuator has a standard configuration wherein, in response to the pedal force, a brake pressure is ascertained that produces a specified standard deceleration of the motor vehicle if a specified disturbance variable has a specified standard value. The influence of the disturbance variable on the vehicle deceleration is compensated. The actuator has at least one control parameter for setting a compensation configuration, an actual value of the disturbance variable is detected, and the compensation configuration is set based on the respective difference between the ascertained actual value and the standard value.

Abstract: A method for operating a vehicle having an electric machine for driving the vehicle and a brake system. Electric energy can be recovered from a movement of the vehicle by the electric machine. In the method, a state of the brake system of the vehicle is determined, and an actuation of a brake pedal of the vehicle is detected. A brake pressure of the brake system and an energy recovery by the electric machine are adjusted dependent on the state of the brake system and the actuation of the brake pedal.

Abstract: A method for operating a vehicle having an electric machine for driving the vehicle and a brake system. Electric energy can be recovered from a movement of the vehicle by the electric machine. In the method, a state of the brake system of the vehicle is determined, and an actuation of a brake pedal of the vehicle is detected. A brake pressure of the brake system and an energy recovery by the electric machine are adjusted dependent on the state of the brake system and the actuation of the brake pedal.

Abstract: A method for separating a particle mixture into a first and second fraction, the first fraction of particles having an electrical conductivity greater than the particles of the second fraction, by a) ionizing air to have the same polarity with a corona electrode; b) mixing the ionized air with a fluidized particle mixture containing two particle fractions with different electrical conductivities, to obtain a fluidized particle mixture ionized to have the same polarity; d) precipitating particles of the second fraction from the particle mixture on a collection electrode moving relative to the particle mixture, where the collection electrode is grounded or has an opposite charge to the corona electrode; e) removing particles adhered to the collection electrode as the second fraction; and f) obtaining the first fraction from particles of the particle mixture which do not adhere to the collection electrode.

Abstract: A brake system control apparatus comprising: a fluid brake system including a master cylinder containing a hydraulic fluid having a hydraulic pressure, a hydraulic pump having an output hydraulically coupled to the master cylinder, a motor coupled to and providing motive force to the hydraulic pump, a current sensing device coupled to the motor and providing an output signal indicative of electric current through the motor; and an electronic controller coupled to the current sensing device comprising a first sampler taking a first sample of the output signal a first time period after a start up of the motor, a second sampler taking a second sample of the output current a second time period after start up of the motor and a divider for determining a ratio of the first and second samples wherein the ratio is indicative of a hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder at the start up of the motor.

Abstract: A park brake apparatus for a vehicle electric brake comprises an electric motor having a rotational output shaft coupled to a brake mechanism. Rotational movement of the electric motor in a first direction causes application of brake force in the brake mechanism and rotational movement of the electric motor in a second direction opposite the first direction causes release of brake force in the brake mechanism. An armature for the electric motor includes a plurality of radially extending armature arms. A solenoid has a plunger movable between extended and retracted positions. In the retracted position, the plunger is free of the radially extending armature arms and the armature spins free of the plunger. In the extended position, the plunger engages the radially extending armature arms, locking the armature in place and maintaining a park brake state.

Abstract: An electromagnetic brake system includes a motor having a rotor with a rotatable disk fixed to the rotor and an electromagnetic brake disposed about the disk to selectively prevent rotation of the rotor. The electromagnetic brake is carried on a resilient element so that it is suspended relative to the disk and isolated from the remainder of the system reducing the propagation of structural and airborne noise generated by actuation of the electromagnetic brake.