Abstract: The present disclosure features methods of detecting crop damage in an algal culture. Such methods include detecting one or more carotenoids as a volatile organic compound in a sample obtained from a headspace of the algal culture.

Abstract: Graphene-carbon nanotube multi-stack three-dimensional architectures (graphene-CNT stacks) are formed by a “popcorn-like” growth method, in which carbon nanotubes are grown throughout the architecture in a continuous step. Alternating layers of graphene and a transition metal are grown by a vapor deposition process. The metal is fragmented and etched to form an array of catalytic sites. Carbon nanotubes grow from the catalytic sites in a vapor-solid-liquid process. The graphene-CNT stacks have applications in electrical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries. The directly grown carbon nanotube array between graphene layers provides ease of ion diffusion and electron transfer, in addition to being an active material, spacer and electron pathway.

Abstract: A system includes a vibrational energy harvesting device adapted to receive vibrational energy and convert the vibrational energy to electrical energy. The system also includes a computing device having an electrical connection to the vibrational energy harvesting device. The system also includes a sensor having an electrical connection and a data connection to the computing device. The system also includes a transmitter having an electrical connection and a data connection to the computing device. When the computing device receives the electrical energy from the vibrational energy harvesting device, the computing device is configured to receive sensor data from the sensor via the data connection between the computing device and the sensor and operate the transmitter to wirelessly transmit the sensor data.

Abstract: Graphene-carbon nanotube multi-stack three-dimensional architectures (graphene-CNT stacks) are formed by a “popcorn-like” growth method, in which carbon nanotubes are grown throughout the architecture in a continuous step. Alternating layers of graphene and a transition metal are grown by a vapor deposition process. The metal is fragmented and etched to form an array of catalytic sites. Carbon nanotubes grow from the catalytic sites in a vapor-solid-liquid process. The graphene-CNT stacks have applications in electrical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries. The directly grown carbon nanotube array between graphene layers provides ease of ion diffusion and electron transfer, in addition to being an active material, spacer and electron pathway.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparing a bone product are provided. The method includes contacting an interior section of a cylindrical bone portion with a high pressure fluid medium such as at least about 1000 psi to remove at least a portion of cancellous bone matrix from the bone portion. Preferably the bone contains less than about 25% by weight cancellous bone. The apparatus includes multiple stations of opposing high pressure nozzles holding the cylindrical bone portion from each end and for contacting the interior surfaces of a bone portion with a fluid medium. The apparatus also includes a third nozzle for contacting the exterior surface of the bone portion with a fluid medium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparing a bone product are disclosed. The method includes contacting an interior section of a cylindrical bone portion with a high pressure fluid medium to remove at least a portion of cancellous bone matrix from the bone portion. The apparatus includes multiple stations of opposing high pressure nozzles holding the cylindrical bone portion from each end and for contacting the interior surfaces of a bone portion with a fluid medium. The apparatus also includes a third nozzle for contacting the exterior surface of the bone portion with a fluid medium.