Abstract: A process for preparing aldehydes by a homogeneously catalysed hydroformylation of C4 to C20 olefins involves withdrawing a biphasic stream (liquid/gaseous) and expanding in two stages. Before, between, or after the two stages, the liquid phase is cooled. Only after expansion and cooling is the homogeneously dissolved rhodium catalyst system separated from the residual stream.

Abstract: The invention provides an improvement in terms of control and process technology for a method of continuous removal of a component from a liquid mixture using a membrane unit comprising at least one membrane stage. The improvement is that a portion of the overall permeate stream is recycled to the feed vessel and/or beyond the feed vessel but upstream of the conveying device, and the remainder of the overall permeate stream is removed, with the recycled permeate having a higher concentration of the component to be separated off than the removed permeate. The presently disclosed method can especially be used for separation of a homogeneously dissolved catalyst from a liquid reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) where R1, R2, R3, R4 are each independently selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl; at least one of the R1, R2, R3, R4 radicals is a —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl radical; and R1, R2, R3, R4, if they are —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl or —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl, may each independently be substituted by one or more substituents selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl-(C6-C20)-aryl, —O—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —S—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —S—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —COO—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —COO—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —CONH—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —CONH—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —CO—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —CO—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —N—[(C1-C12)-alkyl]2, —(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C6-C20)-aryl-(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl-O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl-(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C20)-heteroar

Abstract: A process for preparing aldehydes by a homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation of C4 to C20 olefins involves withdrawing a biphasic stream (liquid/gaseous) and expanding in two stages. Before, between, or after the two stages, the liquid phase is cooled. Only after expansion and cooling is the homogeneously dissolved rhodium catalyst system separated from the residual stream in a three-stage removal.

Abstract: A process for preparing aldehydes by a homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation of C4 to C20 olefins involves withdrawing a biphasic stream (liquid/gaseous) and expanding in two stages. Before, between, or after the two stages, the liquid phase is cooled. Only after expansion and cooling is the homogeneously dissolved rhodium catalyst system separated from the residual stream in a three-stage removal.

Abstract: A process for preparing aldehydes by a homogeneously catalysed hydroformylation of C4 to C20 olefins involves withdrawing a biphasic stream (liquid/gaseous) and expanding in two stages. Before, between, or after the two stages, the liquid phase is cooled. Only after expansion and cooling is the homogeneously dissolved rhodium catalyst system separated from the residual stream.

Abstract: The invention provides an improvement in terms of control and process technology for a method of continuous removal of a component from a liquid mixture using a membrane unit comprising at least one membrane stage. The improvement is that a portion of the overall permeate stream is recycled to the feed vessel and/or beyond the feed vessel but upstream of the conveying device, and the remainder of the overall permeate stream is removed, with the recycled permeate having a higher concentration of the component to be separated off than the removed permeate. The presently disclosed method can especially be used for separation of a homogeneously dissolved catalyst from a liquid reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process is useful for the isomerization of C4 to C9 olefins having an internal double bond into the corresponding olefins having a terminal double bond using a heterogeneous catalyst system of a silicon-aluminium mixed oxide composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) where R1, R2, R3, R4 are each independently selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl; at least one of the R1, R2, R3, R4 radicals is a —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl radical; and R1, R2, R3, R4, if they are —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl or —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl, may each independently be substituted by one or more substituents selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl-(C6-C20)-aryl, —O—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —S—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —S—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —COO—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —COO—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —CONH—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —CONH—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —CO—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —CO—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —N—[(C1-C12)-alkyl]2, —(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C6-C20)-aryl-(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl-O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl-(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C20)-hetero

Abstract: The invention relates to a process comprising the following process steps: a) introducing a first alcohol, the first alcohol having 2 to 30 carbon atoms; b) adding a phosphine ligand and a compound which comprises Pd, or adding a complex comprising Pd and a phosphine ligand; c) adding a second alcohol; d) supplying CO; e) heating the reaction mixture, the first alcohol reacting with CO and the second alcohol to form an ester; where the phosphine ligand is a compound of formula (I) where m and n are each independently 0 or 1; R1, R2, R3, R4 are each independently selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl; at least one of the R1, R2, R3, R4 radicals is a —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl radical; and R1, R2, R3, R4, if they are —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl or —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl, may each independently be substituted by one or more substituents selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-c

Abstract: A process is useful for the isomerization of C4 to C9 olefins having an internal double bond into the corresponding olefins having a terminal double bond using a heterogeneous catalyst system of a silicon-aluminium mixed oxide composition.

Abstract: A heat exchanger system can be used for removal or introduction of heat from or into a chemical reactor in which a chemical reaction is proceeding. The system further provides an apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor and a process for performing a chemical reaction, in each case using a heat exchanger system with a thermally insulated inner tube.

Abstract: Process comprising the following process steps: a) introducing an ethylenically unsaturated compound; b) adding a ligand-metal complex comprising Pd and a bidentate phosphine ligand, or adding a bidentate phosphine ligand and a compound which comprises Pd; c) adding an alcohol; d) supplying CO; e) heating the reaction mixture, the ethylenically unsaturated compound being reacted to form an ester, where the reaction mixture is admixed with less than 0.1 mol %, based on the amount of substance of the ethylenically unsaturated compound, of Brønsted acids having an acid strength of pKa?3, characterized in that the phosphine ligand is substituted on at least one phosphorus atom by at least one heteroaryl radical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process comprising the following process steps: a) introducing an ethylenically unsaturated compound; b) adding a monophosphine ligand and a compound which comprises Pd, or adding a complex comprising Pd and a monophosphine ligand; c) adding an aliphatic alcohol; d) supplying CO; e) heating the reaction mixture, the ethylenically unsaturated compound being reacted to form an ester; where the monophosphine ligand is a compound of formula (I) where R1 is selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —O—(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl; R2 is selected from —(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl; R3 is —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl; and R1, R2 and R3 may each independently be substituted by one or more substituents selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl-(C6-C20)-aryl, —O—(C3-C12)-cyclo

Abstract: The invention relates to a process comprising the following process steps: a) introducing an ether having 3 to 30 carbon atoms; b) adding a phosphine ligand and a compound which comprises Pd, or adding a complex comprising Pd and a phosphine ligand; c) adding an alcohol; d) supplying CO; e) heating the reaction mixture, the ether being reacted for form an ester; where the phosphine ligand is a compound of formula (I) where m and n are each independently 0 or 1; R1, R2, R3, R4 are each independently selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl; at least one of the R1, R2, R3, R4 radicals is a —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl radical; and R1, R2, R3, R4, if they are —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl or —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl, may each independently be substituted by one or more substituents selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —O—(C

Abstract: A heat exchanger system can be used for removal or introduction of heat from or into a chemical reactor in which a chemical reaction is proceeding. The system further provides an apparatus for controlling the temperature of a reactor and a process for performing a chemical reaction, in each case using a heat exchanger system with a thermally insulated inner tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) where R1 is selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl; R2 is selected from —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl; R3 is —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl; and R1, R2 and R3 may each independently be substituted by one or more substituents selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl-(C6-C20)-aryl, —O—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —S—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —S—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —COO—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —COO—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —CONH—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —CONH—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —CO—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —COO—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —N—[(C1-C12)-alkyl]2, —(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C6-C20)-aryl-(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl-O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl-(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl-O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —COOH, —OH, —SO3H, —NH2, halogen.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with catalysts for heterogeneous hydrogenation of oxo process aldehydes. The problem addressed by the invention is that of developing a catalyst containing neither chromium nor nickel. In addition, it is to enable the economically viable hydrogenation of aldehyde mixtures originating from industrial oxo processes on the industrial scale. For this purpose, the catalyst should not be reliant on costly precious metals such as Ru, Pd or Pt. This problem was solved by omitting the chromium and nickel in the preparation of a conventional Cu/Ni/Cr system, such that a catalyst wherein only copper occurs as hydrogenation-active component on the support material thereof, and not chromium or nickel, is obtained. What is surprising here is that a functioning catalyst for the purpose intended still arises at all even though two of three hydrogenation-active metals are omitted.

Abstract: The production of 2-propylheptanol described here is effected via Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of C4-olefin to afford C5-aldehyde, aldol condensation to afford the C10-aldehyde and hydrogenation to afford the C10-alcohol. The emphasis is on the hydroformylation and the ligand employed therein. The problem addressed by the invention is that of reducing the costs of 2PH production. This problem is solved when a cheaper catalyst system which simultaneously achieves a better regioselectivity is employed in the hydroformylation.

Abstract: Compound of formula (I) where R2, R4 are each independently selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl; the R1, R3 radicals are each a —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl radical; R1, R3 may each independently be substituted by one or more substituents selected from —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —O—(C1-C12)-alkyl-(C6-C20)-aryl, —O—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —S—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —S—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —COO—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —COO—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —CONH—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —CONH—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —CO—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —CO—(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —N—[(C1-C12)-alkyl]2, —(C6-C20)-aryl, —(C6-C20)-aryl-(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C6-C20)-aryl-O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl-(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C20)-heteroaryl-O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, —COOH, —OH, —SO3H, —NH2, halogen; R2, R4, if they are —(C1-C12)-alkyl, —(C3-C12)-cycloalkyl, —(C3-C12)-heterocycloalkyl or —(C6-C20)-aryl, may each independently be substituted by one or