Abstract: The invention involves a method of wrapping a roll wherein a sleeve wrap having a width substantially equal to the width of the paper roll is wraped around the cylindrical portion of the roll. A head of the same size as the end of the roll is coupled to each end of the roll. A stretch wrap is then wrapped around the ends of the roll so that approximately one-half of the stretch wrap covers a portion of the end of the roll and the other one-half lies in the same plane as the head. An end band may also be wrapped over the stretch wrap at each end of the roll. The invention also involves an apparatus that includes a trim slitter for trimming the sleeve wrap to the same size as the width of the roll.

Abstract: Wood waste fuel is piled on a perforated grate within a combustion chamber. The fuel is burned by underfire air passing through the grate up through the pile. Ash forms at the bottom of the pile and is removed about a complete 360 degree perimeter where it falls into an ash pit and is subsequently removed from the burner. Fuel is fed to the burner through an elongated continuously expanding tube by a reciprocating ram feeder.

Abstract: A combustion method in which heat is generated from particulate laden combustible gas containing mineral matter created from gasifying waste wood, coke or other combustible material in which the waste is fed into a pile, under-fire combustion air dries and gasifies the waste, oxidizing the fixed carbon in a first chamber to generate heat at a temperature less than the melting temperature of the non-combustible material so as not to form slag, adding air in the first chamber in an amount less than stoichiometric with the air introduced in a swirling fashion to move the particulate laterally away from the discharge of the primary chamber, impeding the movement of this particulate also by adding secondary combustion air in a downward swirling direction in the secondary chamber so that very little non-combustible material reaches the second chamber where melting can occur.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus having primary and secondary combustion chambers burns waste wood with an optional third chamber. The third chamber is used to blend the combustion products down to the desired process temperature. High pressure swirl air is admitted tangentially to the primary chamber above a burning fuel pile. The swirl air reacts with a small proportion of the pyrolized gases to maintain a steady temperature at the exit from the primary chamber. The swirl air also centrifugally separates particulate matter from the gas stream leaving the primary chamber. The total quantity of underfire and swirl air is closely controlled to maintain substoichiometric conditions in the primary chamber. Secondary air complete combustion of the pyrolized volatiles in the secondary chamber. The secondary air is admitted tangentially to establish a rotating mass of relatively cool combustion air adjacent to the walls of the secondary combustion chamber.