Abstract: A method for the reconstruction of a test part in an X-ray CT method in an X-ray CT system, which has an X-ray with a focus, an X-ray detector, and a manipulator which moves the test part within the X-ray CT system. To generate recordings of the test part in various positions, the manipulator travels a predefinable parameterizable path-curve and makes recordings at triggered positions. For each recording, the position of the manipulator is determined and the respective associated projective geometry is calculated. Thereafter, a further path curve is followed having different parameters from the preceding path curve. The path curve is determined iteratively by means of an optimization algorithm, at the value of which the quality function is minimal. For each test part, a CT reconstruction is carried out by means of a suitable algorithm with reference to the allocation of the individual recordings to the respective projective geometry.

Abstract: A method for the reconstruction of a test part in an X-ray CT method in an X-ray CT system, which has an X-ray with a focus, an X-ray detector, and a manipulator which moves the test part within the X-ray CT system. To generate recordings of the test part in various positions, the manipulator travels a predefinable parameterizable path-curve and makes recordings at triggered positions. For each recording, the position of the manipulator is determined and the respective associated projective geometry is calculated. Thereafter, a further path curve is followed having different parameters from the preceding path curve. The path curve is determined iteratively by means of an optimization algorithm, at the value of which the quality function is minimal. For each test part, a CT reconstruction is carried out by means of a suitable algorithm with reference to the allocation of the individual recordings to the respective projective geometry.

Abstract: Methods for determining a hazard area between a test object and an X-ray inspection system include arranging a radiation detector at a predetermined distance from a radiation source. Marginal rays are determined which, at a predetermined angle of rotation between the test object and the arranged radiation source and radiation detector, touch an outer contour of the test object at the predetermined angle of rotation. A hazard radius is determined from the outer contour to the rotational axis of the test object for the predetermined angle of rotation. The determination of the marginal rays is repeated for predetermined angles of rotation which are distributed over 360° and the determination of the hazard radius is repeated for each respective repeated determination of marginal rays. A table is compiled with parameters of the hazard radius obtained for each of the predetermined angles of rotation of the edge of the test object.

Abstract: A measuring cell (1) for the infrared analysis of fluids, in particular a measuring cell (1) having a permissible operating pressure of more than 20 bar and preferably more than 50 bar, has a flow channel (10) for the fluid formed between first and second elements (2, 4). Each element is transparent to infrared radiation at least in some sections. The infrared radiation can be radiated into the flow channel (10) by the first element (2) and can exit the flow channel (10) by the second element (4). The two elements (2, 4) are connected to each other in a fluid-tight and mechanically high-strength manner by a connecting layer (6) arranged between them and made of a glass-containing material, in particular a sintered glass-ceramic material. A measuring system (8) has that measuring cell (1). A method produces that measuring cell (1).

Abstract: In a method for reading and/or storing injector-specific data for controlling an injection system of an internal combustion engine, an injector is charged by a control unit according to a predeterminable voltage curve and, depending on the case, is discharged directly by the control unit or by a power element located on a data storage medium and the voltage is measured by the control unit and by the data storage medium. Dependent upon a predeterminable voltage curve, a predeterminable amount of data is stored or read on a memory unit of the data storage medium.

Abstract: An energy converting device, particularly for converting mechanical energy to hydraulic energy and from it into electrical energy, uses as an energy transport medium, a control fluid guided in two different control circuits. The control circuits have an operative connection to each other by a coupling device (32). One control circuit (28) serves for feeding in energy, particularly in the form of mechanical energy. The other control circuit serves for discharging energy in the form of converted energy, particularly electrical energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive system having at least one hydraulic actuator (2), which is supplied with pressure medium (4) by means of at least one pressure-medium pump (3) in a main circuit, the pressure-medium pump (3) being a rotational-speed-controlled pressure-medium pump that is driven by a motor (5) at a variable rotational speed and a controlled torque, said drive system being characterized in that leakage fluid (7) that escapes from a displacement chamber (6) of the pressure-medium pump (3) is discharged through a fluid-conducting connection (8) having at least one check valve (9, 16), and the at least one check valve (9, 16) is installed in the fluid-conducting connection (8) in such a way that the check valve prevents pressure medium from flowing back out of the main circuit into the displacement chamber (6) or another interior chamber of the pressure-medium pump (3) and feeds leakage fluid (7) into the main circuit of the drive system (1) when there is a slight excess pressure.

Abstract: A valve device for a hydraulic circuit (10) divides the incoming volume flow into at least two pre-determined partial flows for supplying hydraulic consumers (V1, V2) of the circuit (10) and has at least one pressure balance (16) and at least one orifice. Since the orifice is embodied as a variable orifice (32) controllable by a proportional magnet (34), the opening area of the orifice varies. A flow regulator is then realized and can switch the regulated volume flow and/or proportionally adjust the regulated volume flow in a defined manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring cell (1) for the infrared analysis of fluids, in particular a measuring cell (1) having a permissible operating pressure of more than 20 bar and preferably more than 50 bar, having a flow channel (10) for the fluid that is formed between a first and a second element (2, 4), which are each transparent to infrared radiation at least in some sections, wherein the infrared radiation can be radiated into the flow channel (10) by means of the first clement (2) and can exit the flow channel (10) by means of the second element (4), and wherein the two elements (2, 4) are connected to each other in a fluid-tight and mechanically high-strength manner by means of a connecting layer (6) that is arranged therebetween and that is made of a glass-containing material, in particular a sintered glass-ceramic material; the invention further relates to a measuring system (8) having such a measuring cell (1) and to a method for producing such a measuring cell (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to an energy converting device, particularly for converting mechanical to hydraulic energy, and therefrom into electrical energy, using as an energy transport medium a control fluid guided in two different control circuits having an operative connection to each other by means of a coupling device (32), wherein the one control circuit (28) serves for feeding in energy, particularly in the form of mechanical energy, and the other control circuit serves for discharging energy in the form of converted energy, particularly electrical energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve device for a hydraulic circuit (10), which valve device divides the incoming volume flow into at least two pre-determined partial flows for supplying hydraulic consumers (V1, V2) of the circuit (10), which valve device has at least one pressure balance (16) and at least one orifice. As a result of the fact that the orifice is embodied as a variable orifice (32) which can be controlled by means of a proportional magnet (34) in such a way that the opening area of said orifice varies, a type of flow regulator is realized which can switch the regulated volume flow and/or proportionally adjust the regulated volume flow in a defined manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a seat, in particular air passenger seat, with seat components, such as a seat part (10) and a backrest (12) with a housing shell (20), which is part of the backrest (12) or which at least partially includes the backrest (12) at the back and which comprises at least two shell parts which are connected to each other, at least in an initial state, via a fixing device and of which the one shell part is moved under a sudden introduction of force, such as, for example, in the event of a crash, relative to the other shell part in such a manner that an engagement space between the shell parts is opened up.

Abstract: In a method for reading and/or storing injector-specific data for controlling an injection system of an internal combustion engine, an injector is charged by a control unit according to a predeterminable voltage curve and, depending on the case, is discharged directly by the control unit or by a power element located on a data storage medium and the voltage is measured by the control unit and by the data storage medium. Dependent upon a predeterminable voltage curve, a predeterminable amount of data is stored or read on a memory unit of the data storage medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a seat, in particular air passenger seat, with seat components, such as a seat part (10) and a backrest (12) with a housing shell (20), which is part of the backrest (12) or which at least partially includes the backrest (12) at the back and which comprises at least two shell parts which are connected to each other, at least in an initial state, via a fixing device and of which the one shell part is moved under a sudden introduction of force, such as, for example, in the event of a crash, relative to the other shell part in such a manner that an engagement space between the shell parts is opened up.

Abstract: A method for automatic defect recognition in testpieces by means of an X-ray examination unit having a mechanical manipulator for positioning the testpiece in a beam path of the X-ray examination unit, wherein a positioning image of the testpiece is compared with an ideal reference image. An axis of rotation, an angle of rotation and a displacement vector are calculated in order to arrive at an exact congruence of the positioning image of the testpiece with the ideal reference image. The values of the axis of rotation, angle of rotation and displacement vector are then relayed to the mechanical manipulator and the latter then transfers the testpiece into the position corresponding to these values.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising an inlet tract, leading to the inlet to a cylinder where a gas inlet valve is arranged. A valve drive for the gas inlet valve is provided, by means of which the valve stroke of the gas inlet may be adjusted using an actuator element, which permits differing cams to operate the gas inlet valve. An inductive actuator drive is arranged on the actuator element in which a voltage is induced during a switching process. A first unit is embodied for recognition of whether a switching of the valve stroke has occurred by means of the voltage induced in the inductive actuator drive which is characteristic of the switching process. A second unit is embodied for the control of at least one further actuator body depending on whether a switching of the valve is recognized in the first switching unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising an inlet tract, leading to the inlet to a cylinder where a gas inlet valve is arranged. A valve drive for the gas inlet valve is provided, by means of which the valve stroke of the gas inlet may be adjusted using an actuator element, which permits differing cams to operate the gas inlet valve. An inductive actuator drive is arranged on the actuator element in which a voltage is induced during a switching process. A first unit is embodied for recognition of whether a switching of the valve stroke has occurred by means of the voltage induced in the inductive actuator drive which is characteristic of the switching process. A second unit is embodied for the control of at least one further actuator body depending on whether a switching of the valve is recognized in the first switching unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for automatic defect recognition in testpieces by means of an X-ray examination unit with an X-ray tube, a detector and a mechanical manipulator for positioning the testpiece in the beam path of the X-ray examination unit, wherein a positioning image of the testpiece is compared with an ideal reference image. It is provided according to the invention that the axis of rotation, the angle of rotation and the displacement vector are calculated in order to arrive at an exact congruence of the positioning image of the testpiece with the ideal reference image, the values of the axis of rotation, angle of rotation and displacement vector are then relayed to the mechanical manipulator and the latter then transfers the testpiece into the position corresponding to these values and in this position a comparison image of the testpiece, which serves for comparison with an X-ray reference image, is produced by means of X-ray beams in the X-ray examination unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for classifying casting defects in a casting within the framework of an X-ray analysis, wherein the casting defects are each automatically allocated to a known casting defect type by comparing the X-ray image of the casting with features from training images of known casting defect types and the casting defects present in the examined casting are thus established.

Abstract: An arrangement of electrodes for monitoring thread breakage on ring spinning machines for a sufficiently strong reception of the electric charge of the running thread for generating a signal that can be further processed, in which an electrode (3) is arranged in the proximity of the moving thread (1) between a stretching mechanism (2) and a thread guide (4), preferably on the thread guide (4) on a displacable or turnable insulated body (5), or such electrode (3) with insulated body (5) is positioned on a balloon constricting ring (6), adjustable through displacement or turning of the insulated body (5) in such a way that the thread (1) is not permanently in front of this electrode (3), this electrode (3) being connected by means of an insulated line to an electronic circuit or directly to an electronic circuit.