Abstract: A device for enlarging a hole with a frustoconical base body that can be inserted into a hole of a workpiece, and has an insertion opening for inserting a pilot drill of a hole saw. The frustoconical shell surface of the base body has a self-tapping thread, which can engage into the wall of the hole to be enlarged. A screwdriver is provided to apply the correspondingly large torque.

Abstract: A hollow cast iron crankshaft of an internal combustion engine includes at least one main bearing journal and at least two connecting rod bearing journals. The crankshaft is provided with a plurality of internal oil supply bores to lubricate the connecting rod bearing journals. An outer circumference of the main bearing journal is in fluid communication with an outer circumference of two connecting rod bearing journals by the supply bores.

Abstract: A crankshaft, in particular to be developed as part of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, with at least one main bearing for connecting the crankshaft with an engine block, wherein the main bearing is developed at least partly, so that the axial border areas of the main bearing are convexly opposite the mid-section of the main bearing configured between the axial border areas, and/or with at least one large end bearing to connect the crankshaft with a connecting rod, wherein the large end bearing is at least partially developed so that the axial border areas of the large end bearings are convexly opposite the mid-section of the large end bearing, configured between the axial border areas. Through that it is possible to increase the stiffness of the crankshaft, without the need to alter the fittings on the main bearing and/or on the large end bearing.

Abstract: A process for monitoring and/or controlling a nitrating process, having the following steps: measuring inline infrared spectra of nitric acid content in a reaction mixture stream downstream of the nitration reaction, preferably near-infrared spectra, evaluating the measured spectra by means of a computer-assisted, matrix-specific calibration model for the purpose of determining the content of nitric acid, transmitting the results of spectrometric examination to a process control system, inputting the results of spectrometric examination for the purpose of specifying the content of nitric acid in the acid phase into a regulator (224) for control of the metering (207,217) of nitric acid into a nitrating reactor.

Abstract: A process for monitoring and/or controlling a nitrating process, having the following steps: