Abstract: The fluorine surfactant-free, long-term-stable and biodegradable additive for chromium electrolytes lowers the surface tension and hence improves the chromium deposition process, especially in the application for the electrolytical chromium-plating. Preferred additives are CH3(CH2)nSO3H and the salts thereof with n from 10 to 18. These additives are also useful as component in polymer mordants as pretreatments for polymer metallizations.

Abstract: The fluorine surfactant-free, long-term-stable and biodegradable additive for chromium electrolytes lowers the surface tension and hence improves the chromium deposition process, especially in the application for the electrolytical chromium-plating. Preferred additives are CH3(CH2)nSO3H and the salts thereof with n from 10 to 18. These additives are also useful as component in polymer mordants as pretreatments for polymer metallizations.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous preparation for the pickling and activation of aluminum-steel composites prior to electroless dip tinning. Specifically, the invention provides pickling/activation solutions for the pretreatment of aluminum-steel composites prior to dip tinning which comprise sulfuric acid, hexafluorosilicic acid, at least one wetting agent, at least one transition metal cation and nitrate and/or nitrite ions.

Abstract: Acidic electrolyte for dip-tin-plating aluminum alloys, containing tin salts, surfactants and additives yielding halogen ions, fluorine complexes, having the optimum effective halogen content that corresponds to its maximum solubility, being added as additives yielding halogen ions.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing bismuth compounds, in particular a process for preparing highly concentrated solutions of bismuth methanesulfonate, that are stable to hydrolysis.The preparation takes place from aqueous solutions of bismuth compounds of the formula (I)BiX.sub.3 (I)by subjecting acid of the formula (II)HX (II)whereX is the anion of a mineral acid, an organic acid radical, fluoroborate, hexafluorosilicate or cyanide, in an electrolytic cell, to electrolytic dissolution of the anode with metallic bismuth as the anode.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the preparation of finely divided, electrically conductive tin(IV) oxide. In a first step tin(IV) oxalate and/or oxalates of polymeric tin(IV) compounds are obtained by electrolysis, in which the anode consists of tin or a tin alloy which contains a doping metal, and the cathode consists of a metal or graphite. The two electrodes are separated by a diaphragm or an organic membrane which is permeable to hydrogen ions and oxalic acid solution is used as electrolyte. Tin(IV) oxide is prepared in the second step by calcining the oxalates obtained from the solution of tin(IV) oxalate and/or oxalates of polymeric tin(IV) compounds, to which known doping agents have been added in conventional amounts.