Abstract: A method is provided to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and increase the output of more valuable hydrocarbon products in a fluid catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: An improved sulfider is provided for receiving high temperature catalysts from the hydrocarbon cracking operation and subjecting the catalyst to a sulfur-containing gas. The sulfider unit includes a plurality of gas injector tubes each individually removable from the sulfider while gas is continually injected into the sulfider treatment chamber through other of the injection tubes. Each injector tube may extend through a lowermost end of the sulfider, and has a central tube axis arranged substantially vertically when the tube is mounted to the sulfider housing. Fluid output ports are provided in sidewalls of an upper portion of the tube, and the tubes may be continually operated for extended periods of time without significant plugging problems. A service valve and packing unit associated with each injector tube enable partial removal of the tube from the treatment chamber without leakage of hydrogen sulfide gas, followed by closing of the valve and complete removal of the tube and packing unit.

Abstract: An improved sulfider is provided for receiving high temperature catalysts from a hydrocarbon cracking operation and subjecting the catalyst to a sulfur-containing gas. The treating unit includes an outer metal housing and first refractory layer within the metal housing for minimizing heat loss from the treatment unit. A second refractory layer is provided within the first refractory layer and defines an interior chamber within the treatment unit, and a plurality of heating units are spaced circumferentially along the interface of the first and second refractory layers. The heating units substantially minimize the temperature differential across the second refractory layer and thereby minimize the heat loss from the high temperature catalyst within the chamber. The catalyst is continually passed into and out from the chamber, and the sulfur-containing gas is injected into a lower portion of the chamber to pass through the high temperature bed formed by the catalyst.

Abstract: A demetallization process for catalysts used for chemical conversion of hydrocarbons, the catalysts containing at least vanadium as a metal poison, wherein the poisoned catalyst is contacted in a sulfiding zone with a sulfiding agent and a hydrocarbon having a minimum boiling point of about 300.degree. F., the hydrocarbon being at least partially vaporizable at the temperature in the sulfiding zone.

Abstract: A process for the production of molecular hydrogen and demetallization of solid particles comprising:(a) contacting hydrogen sulfide at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide into molecular hydrogen, the contacting being conducted in the presence of solid particles comprising at least one metallic component effective to promote hydrogen sulfide conversion;(b) separating the molecular hydrogen from elemental sulfur formed in step (a) and unconverted hydrogen sulfide and recovering a product enriched in molecular hydrogen; and(c) demetallizing at least a portion of the solid particles from step (a) to produce demetallized solid particles having a reduced content of the metallic component.

Abstract: A process for treating a catalyst useful to promote the conversion of a substantially hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one first metal at least a portion of which is deposited on the catalyst forming a first metal-containing catalyst, which process comprises:contacting the catalyst with at least one component of at least one second metal selected from the group consisting of antimony, tin, gallium, indium, zinc, tellurium and mixtures thereof to increase the second metal content of the catalyst, anddemetallizing the first metal-containing catalyst to provide a demetallized catalyst having a reduced first metal content.

Abstract: A process for treating a virgin catalyst useful to promote hydrocarbon conversion, e.g., cracking at hydrocarbon conversion, e.g., cracking, conditions comprising:(a) contacting the virgin catalyst with a liquid reductive wash medium; and(b) contacting the reductively washed virgin catalyst with a liquid oxidative wash medium, thereby producing a washed virgin catalyst with at least one improved catalytic property.

Abstract: A process for treating a catalyst contaminated with at least one metal which was so contaminated while promoting conversion of a substantially hydrocarbon feedstock containing the metal comprising at least one of the following: (1) contacting the catalyst component to increase the ammonium ion-containing component to increase the ammonium ion content of the catalyst; and (2) contacting the catalyst with at least one rare earth metal ion-containing component to increase the rare earth metal ion content of the catalyst. Improved hydrocarbon conversion processes are also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved catalyst demetallization process involves chlorinating the metal contaminated catalyst at elevated temperatures and contacting the chlorinated catalyst with a liquid aqueous composition to produce a demetallized catalyst. Improved catalytic activity is obtained utilizing a catalyst comprising at least one crystalline material capable of promoting the hydrocarbon conversion, and cooling the chlorinated catalyst prior to contact with the liquid aqueous composition. An improved hydrocarbon conversion process is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved catalyst demetallization process involves chlorinating the metal contaminated catalyst at elevated temperatures and contacting the chlorinated catalyst with a liquid aqueous composition to produce a demetallized catalyst. Improved catalytic activity is obtained utilizing a catalyst comprising at least one crystalline material capable of promoting the hydrocarbon conversion, and cooling the chlorinated catalyst prior to contact with the liquid aqueous composition. An improved hydrocarbon conversion process is also disclosed.