Abstract: Neural network systems and methods are provided. In one embodiment, a method of making a neural network device includes: forming a mesh layer on a substrate, the mesh layer including a matrix of randomly dispersed conductive nano-strands insulated from one another; forming an isolation trench extending into the mesh layer; forming a memristor device extending into the mesh layer, the memristor device including: an electrical conductor, and a layer of memristive material in electrical contact with individual nano-strands of a first set of conductive nano-strands in the mesh layer; forming an electrode extending into the mesh layer and spaced from the memristor device by the isolation trench, wherein the electrode is in electrical contact with individual conductive nano-strands of a second set of conductive nano-strands in the mesh layer; and forming a modulating device bridging the memristor device and the electrode.