Abstract: The invention provides partial esters of a polymer containing maleic anhydride or maleic acid radicals and an alkoxylated alcohol, an alkoxylated alkyl phenol or a polyalkylene glycol.The products are useful as demulsifiers for water-in-oil emulsions.

Abstract: Flameproofing of aromatic polymers is achieved by adding a synergistic combination of (a) a phosphorus compound and (b) a compound of formula R(CH.sub.2 X).sub.n, wherein R is an aromatic or heterocyclic residue, X is a leaving group and n is at least 2. Preferred phosphorus compounds are esters of phosphoric acid. The flameproofed polymers may contain aromatic groups in the main chain or as side-groups, for instance styrene polymers and copolymers, aromatic polyesters, polycarbonates and polyphenylene oxides.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbon oligomers of the formula(A).sub.a (--CH.sub.2 --).sub.b [--CH.sub.2 (OCH.sub.2).sub.m OCH.sub.2 --].sub.c (--CH.sub.2 X).sub.dwherein A is at least one aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic residue, X is OH or a derivative thereof, a is 2 to 20 but equals b+c+1, b is 0 to 19, c is 0 to 19, d is 0 to 2a and m is 0 to 10, there being at least two (--CH.sub.2 X) groups per molecule, the group each --CH.sub.2 O--CH.sub.2 -- portion of the group counting as (--CH.sub.2 X) for this purpose, are suitable as non-volatile fire retardent agents in chlorine-containing aliphatic polymers, copolymers or polyblends, which contain an ester of an phosphorus acid.

Abstract: Flameproofing of aromatic polymers is achieved by adding a synergistic combination of (a) a phosphorus compound and (b) a compound of formula R(CH.sub.2 X).sub.n, wherein R is an aromatic or heterocyclic residue, X is a leaving group and n is at least 2. Preferred phosphorus compounds are esters of phosphoric acid. The flameproofed polymers may contain aromatic groups in the main chain or as side-groups, for instance styrene polymers and copolymers, aromatic polyesters, polycarbonates and polyphenylene oxides.

Abstract: Functional fluid composition comprising an ester of a phosphorus acid and a compound of the formula Ir(ch.sub.2 x).sub.n (I)in which R represents an aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic containing residue, n is an integer of at least 2, and each X is the same or different and represents a leaving group, which composition may be used for a wide variety of purposes, for example in hydraulic machinery employed in foundries and mines, in hydraulic systems for aircraft, in turbines and as fluids in electrical equipment and in heat transfer devices.

Abstract: Caprolactone modified polyesters, derived from an aliphatic diol, an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or mixtures thereof, optionally with a proportion not exceeding 10 mole % of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and terminated with an alcohol or monocarboxylic acid are good plasticizers for thermoplastic polymers especially polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract: A random polyester containing residues of aliphatic diols, aromatic dicarboxylic acids and hydroxyacids and being endstopped by monocarboxylic acids are useful plasticizers especially for polyvinyl chloride polymers.

Abstract: Polyesters having an average molecular weight from 500 to 1400, containing dicarboxylic acid-, aliphatic diol- and hydroxy acid or lactone residues and which are endstopped by monohydric alcohols are useful plasticizers for example for PVC.

Abstract: Caprolactone modified polyesters derived from an aliphatic dihydroxy compound and a mixture of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and a proportion above 10 mol % of the total acids used, of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and terminated with an alcohol or monocarboxylic acid such that the molecular weight ranges from 500 to 1400 are good plasticizers for polymers, especially polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract: Polyesters derived from the reaction of a phthalic acid, with ethylene glycol, di-ethylene glycol or a polyethylene glycol and an aliphatic alcohol are used as plasticisers for vinyl acetate polymers.

Abstract: Polyesters derived from the reaction of a dibasic acid, a polyethylene glycol and an aliphatic alcohol are used as plasticizers for vinyl acetate polymers.

Abstract: Polyesters derived from the reaction of a dibasic acid, ethylene glycol and an aliphatic alcohol are used as plasticizers for vinyl acetate polymers.

Abstract: Polyesters derived from the reaction of a dibasic acid, a polyethylene glycol and an aliphatic alcohol are used as plasticizers for vinyl acetate polymers.