Abstract: To gasify carbonaceous material into gas containing CO and H2, the drying and/or the heating and the pyrolysis of the carbonaceous material are performed using microwave irradiation and thermal irradiation and the pyrolysis products and/or the carbonaceous material are then gasified. For this purpose the carbonaceous material is irradiated in a microwave station with a heating unit, and then passed on into a reactor for gasification. The gasification occurs with the aid of a water-steam plasma source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flameproofing agent which contains a brominated cycloalkane and a dispersant. The flame-proofing agent may also contain a protective colloid and/or water. In addition, a method of providing synthetic materials of polyester or polyamide with a flame-retardant finish with the aqueous flameproofing agents is disclosed.

Abstract: Textile-finishing-agent formulations which are stable in halogenated hydrocarbons, which formulations contain(a) 5 to 80 per cent by weight of at least one textile-processing agent,(b) 15 to 90 per cent by weight of a halogenated hydrocarbon,(c) 5 to 40 per cent by weight of a humectant, and(d) 0.3 to 8 per cent by weight of a thickening agent.

Abstract: New non-dusting, free-flowing readily water-soluble or water-dispersible granules of optical brighteners, and a process for their production are provided.

Abstract: New aqueous storage-stable dispersions of water-soluble compounds, which dispersion is free from organic solvent and which comprises a) a water-soluble anionic or cationic compound, b) at least one water-soluble salt, c) at least one stabilizing agent and d) water and wherein the salt concentration is high enough to ensure that the water-soluble compound remains essentially undissolved as well as a process for producing said dispersions are described.

Abstract: A stable weakly acid or neutral solution of quaternized fluorescent brighteners consisting essentially of a quaternized fluorescent brightener of the formula ##SPC1##Wherein Y.sub.1 represents hydrogen methyl, ethyl, methoxy, halogen or together with Y.sub.2 represents a fused benzene ring, Y.sub.2 represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, halogen or together with Y.sub.1 or Y.sub.3 represents a fused benzene ring, Y.sub.3 represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, alkoxy with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen or together with Y.sub.2 or Y.sub.4 represents a fused benzene ring, Y.sub.4 represents hydrogen, alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methoxy, halogen or together with Y.sub.3 represents a fused benzene ring, Y.sub.5 represents hydrogen, alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by methyl and/or methoxy, Y.sub.6 represents hydrogen, alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylsulphonyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methoxy or halogen, Y.sub.