Abstract: There is disclosed an antenna exhibiting resonance over a broad frequency band or over a plurality of closely-spaced frequency bands, comprising a ground plane, a non-driven element affixed substantially perpendicular to the ground plane, a driven element affixed substantially perpendicular to the ground plane and a horizontal conductor electrically connected between the driven and the non-driven elements and disposed substantially parallel to the ground plane. The non-driven and the driven elements further comprise periodic slow wave structures. The periodic slow wave structures are configured to provide a substantially constant propagation factor with respect to the applied signal frequency, such that the antenna exhibits broad resonance characteristics.

Abstract: A radio frequency transmitting and receiving apparatus comprising a filter and an antenna, wherein the input reactance of the antenna is substantially equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the output reactance of the filter. This reactance relationship permits the antenna and filter to be collocated and avoids transformation of the input and output impedances to the conventional 50 ohms such that the filter and antenna can be connected with a conventional 50 ohm transmission line.

Abstract: A monolithic surface mountable monopole antenna. The antenna comprises a top plate having a plurality of conductive regions and a like plurality of legs extending away from a plane of the top plate in a direction of a ground plane. Each leg is disposed between two adjacent conductive regions. In an embodiment wherein the top plate comprises four conductive regions, two of the four legs are connected to an underlying ground plane and two of the legs are connected to a signal feed conductor.

Abstract: An antenna resonant in two or more frequency bands. The antenna comprises three parallel conductive plates disposed in a stacked orientation, with a first dielectric layer interposed between the bottom and the middle conductive plates and a second dielectric layer interposed between the middle and the top conductive plates. The middle conductive plate is smaller than the bottom and top conductive plates. A signal feed is connected to the top and the middle conductive plates; a first shorting pin is connected between the bottom and top conductive plates and a second shorting pin is connected between the middle and the bottom conductive plate.

Abstract: A meander line loaded antenna is provided with a ferrite donut surrounding a portion of the meander line so as to effectively lower the operating range of the meander line loaded antenna by as much as 30%. At the lower frequencies the ferrite material introduces a minimal loss of 2 to 3 dB, whereas at the higher frequency range very little current passes through the meander line thus eliminating any effect of the ferrite on antenna performance. The utilization of the ferrite surrounding a meander line element permits the use of the miniaturized antenna and size for size reduces the low frequency cut off of the antenna.

Abstract: An antenna comprising two monopole elements and a ground plane disposed on a dielectric substrate. The elements are spaced apart to provide spatial diversity and have a shape to provide operation in multiple frequency bands and/or over a wide bandwidth of frequencies.

Abstract: An antenna for transmitting and receiving radio frequency energy. The antenna comprises a conductive top plate formed in the shape of a spiral. In one embodiment a sidewall meanderline extends from an edge of the top plate in the direction of a ground plane. A shorting meanderline connects the top plate and the ground plane. A first region of the top plate overlies the ground plane. A second region of the top plate extends beyond the ground plane. Tuning is provided by adjusting the length and other dimensions of the meanderlines.

Abstract: An antenna providing circular polarization for received and transmitted signals. The antenna comprises a vertical conductive surfaces oriented to form a closed structure and horizontal conductive surfaces forming a top face of the closed structure.

Abstract: An antenna resonant in two or more frequency bands. The antenna comprises three parallel conductive plates disposed in a stacked orientation, with a first dielectric layer interposed between the bottom and the middle conductive plates and a second dielectric layer interposed between the middle and the top conductive plates. The middle conductive plate is smaller than the bottom and top conductive plates. A signal feed is connected to the top and the middle conductive plates; a first shorting pin is connected between the bottom and top conductive plates and a second shorting pin is connected between the middle and the bottom conductive plate.

Abstract: An monolithic surface mountable antenna. The antenna comprises a ground plane, two dielectric layers separated by a conductive intermediate layer and a plurality of conductive regions on a top surface. Ground vias pass through the dielectric layers and connect one or more of the conductive regions to the ground plane. At least one signal via is connected to one of the plurality of conductive regions.

Abstract: An antenna system comprising a plurality of antennas designed and oriented to provide one or more of radiation pattern, signal polarization and spatial diversity. The various diversity operational characteristics are achieved by using similar antennas physically oriented to provide the diversity attributes or by using dissimilar antennas, that is, antennas having different radiation pattern and/or signal polarization characteristics.

Abstract: A planar antenna comprising a spiral conductive surface comprising an inner spiral segment and an outer spiral segment. A shorting leg for connection to a ground plane and a feed leg responsive to the antenna signal (in the transmit and the receive modes) extend downwardly from the plane of the spiral segments. Performance characteristics of the antenna are responsive to the configuration and spacing of the spiral segments and the distance between the antenna and the ground plane.

Abstract: There is disclosed an antenna exhibiting resonance over a broad frequency band or over a plurality of closely-spaced frequency bands, comprising a ground plane, a non-driven element affixed substantially perpendicular to the ground plane, a driven element affixed substantially perpendicular to the ground plane and a horizontal conductor electrically connected between the driven and the non-driven elements and disposed substantially parallel to the ground plane. The non-driven and the driven elements further comprise periodic slow wave structures. The periodic slow wave structures are configured to provide a substantially constant propagation factor with respect to the applied signal frequency, such that the antenna exhibits broad resonance characteristics.

Abstract: There is disclosed a meanderline loaded antenna formed by applying a conductive ink or other conductive material to a flexible substrate. The substrate is then shaped by removing regions and folding other regions along perforated or scored lines to fit the antenna within the available space of a wireless device. In lieu of folding regions of a planar substrate to form a three-dimensional structure, the substrate can be vacuum formed over a mandrel after the antenna elements have been formed thereon. The antenna can also be formed by printing on existing enclosure surfaces of a wireless device or on the surfaces of components within the device. Thus the advantages offered by a meanderline antenna where the effective electrical length is greater than the actual physical length are achieved in conjunction with a space-saving physical structure for the antenna.

Abstract: An integrated antenna and filter. Integrating and collocating the antenna element and a signal filter eliminates the affects of interfering signals that are induced in the transmission line between the antenna and the receiver/transmitter. The use of fiber optic transmission line cable for connecting the receiver/transmitter and the antenna reduces spurious radio frequency emissions from the transmission line that can cause interference to other nearby receiver/transmitter systems and prevents spurious interfering signals from entering the transmission line.

Abstract: A system for three dimensional mapping of a submarine surface includes (a) a light source for projecting a beam of collimated light that is reflective from the submarine surface including a laser of confined cross-sectional area, (b) a scanning unit to intercept the beam and project it in a first direction onto a selected area of the surface as a raster of pixels each at controlled X and Y coordinates of said surface and produce a reflection of the raster in a second direction, (c) a scanner processor to control the X and Y coordinates, (d) a compound lens capable of intercepting the raster reflection and focusing it as a scan image on a reception plane offset spatially from the scanning unit, (e) a position sensitive detector having a planosurface positioned substantially on the reception plane to sense the scan image and convert each pixel of the reflected raster into a pair of differential currents corresponding to the X and Y coordinates of the each pixel at said reception plane, (f) a signal processor to

Abstract: A system for measuring the value of a parameter, e.g., structural strain, includes an optical waveguide, a laser or equivalent light source for launching coherent light into the waveguide to propagate therein as multi modes, an array of a plurality of spaced apart photodetectors each comprising a light receptor surface and signal output, said array being arranged to have light emitted from said waveguide output portion irradiate said light receptor surfaces, an artificial neural network formed of a plurality of spaced apart neurons, connectors to impose weighted portions of signal outputs from the photodetectors upon the neurons which register the parameter value on a meter or like output device.

Abstract: A systems for measuring the value of a plurality of parameters includes an optical fiber having a core that conducts coherent light along two orthogonal polarization axes at different velocities, e.g.

Abstract: Range and/or profile of a test surface, particularly a submarine surface, are determined by passing a laser beam through a holographic grating structured to emit a divergent light beam defining a two dimensional array of dots in a predetermined pattern and projecting such beam on the test surface. A receiving device, e.g., video camera, ascertains the positions of the dots in the pattern reflected from the test surface and comparison is made of such positions relative to the positions of the respective dots previously reflected in like manner from a datum surface. The values of the displacements of test surface dots from datum surface dots are used to determine the range or orientation of the test surface relative to the grating or the profile of the test surface.

Abstract: A method for determining position of and/or for positioning an object relative to both (a) its distance to a surface and (b) the orientation of its longitudinal axis to such surface involves emitting in a first plane toward such surface a plurality of first beams of coherent light from a first position adjacent the object so such first plane is at an acute angle relative to the object's longitudinal axis and the first beams of light project forward of the object to cross such longitudinal axis at such acute angle thereby forming on the surface a pattern of the illuminations of the first beams. Simultaneously, second beams are similarly emitted in a second plane toward the surface from a second opposed position adjacent the object to thereby form on the surface a pattern of illuminations of the second beams.