Abstract: An optical meter includes a force member to receive a force and a reflector disposed on the force member to receive radiation and to communicate a pressure of the radiation to the force member. The reflector includes a reflective surface, and the force member is configured to be displaced in response to receiving the force comprising the pressure. The optical meter is configured to measure a power of the radiation, an energy of the radiation, or a combination thereof based on the pressure. A process for measuring a property of radiation includes receiving radiation by the reflector, reflecting radiation from the reflective surface, communicating a pressure from the reflector to the force member, and displacing the force member.

Abstract: An optical meter includes a force member to receive a force and a reflector disposed on the force member to receive radiation and to communicate a pressure of the radiation to the force member. The reflector includes a reflective surface, and the force member is configured to be displaced in response to receiving the force comprising the pressure. The optical meter is configured to measure a power of the radiation, an energy of the radiation, or a combination thereof based on the pressure. A process for measuring a property of radiation includes receiving radiation by the reflector, reflecting radiation from the reflective surface, communicating a pressure from the reflector to the force member, and displacing the force member.

Abstract: Electronic weighing devices and method are disclosed wherein balances (particularly of the direct load type) are adapted to utilize less power thus creating less system heat and thereby enhancing weighing accuracy and range of operation. A preferred embodiment of the device includes a frame having an articulating load support structure connected thereto. The support structure carries a coil and movable capacitor plate while the frame locates a permanent magnet and fixed capacitor plate. An elastic offset, such as a spring, is adjustably located between the support structure and the frame to offset, or counterbalance, the support structure, preferably up to about one-half of the balance's rated capacity in any particular embodiment. A push-pull servo system initially causes current in the coil to flow in a direction producing a resultant force which is additive to the pan load. Only when the counterbalancing force is exceeded by the pan load does the coil current produce a force opposing the pan load.