Abstract: A method for determining a nitrogen oxide emission and an ammonia emission in the combustion exhaust gas of an engine system having an exhaust-gas-guided internal combustion engine using an output-side nitrogen oxide sensor having a cross-sensitivity to ammonia. The method including: detecting a measurement signal of the nitrogen oxide sensor; ascertaining a partial conversion indication for each of multiple catalytic converter segments arranged in series in the combustion exhaust gas depending on local operating conditions with the aid of a provided conversion model that maps a local operating condition on the partial conversion indication; determining a conversion indication from the multiple partial conversion indications; and ascertaining a nitrogen oxide emission and an ammonia emission depending on the measurement signal and the conversion indication.

Abstract: Disclosed is a unit dose laundry detergent product containing an in-vitro, delayed onset fluid gel detergent composition and a water soluble film pouch for enclosing the detergent composition. The composition includes a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and/or an alcohol ethoxy sulfate having a C8-C20 backbone that is ethoxylated with from about 1 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide, and a non-ionic surfactant comprising an alkoxylated alcohol, in an amount from 20 to 70 wt %, water in an amount from about 10 to about 30 wt %, free fatty acids in an amount from about 2 to 12 wt %, a magnesium cation in an amount of from 0.15 to 1 wt %, and colloidal particles such as an encapsulated fragrance. The composition is opacified and structured yet free of a structuring agent or an opacifying agent. Also disclosed is a method of making such product.

Abstract: A method for determining a nitrogen oxide emission and an ammonia emission in the combustion exhaust gas of an engine system having an exhaust-gas-guided internal combustion engine using an output-side nitrogen oxide sensor having a cross-sensitivity to ammonia. The method including: detecting a measurement signal of the nitrogen oxide sensor; ascertaining a partial conversion indication for each of multiple catalytic converter segments arranged in series in the combustion exhaust gas depending on local operating conditions with the aid of a provided conversion model that maps a local operating condition on the partial conversion indication; determining a conversion indication from the multiple partial conversion indications; and ascertaining a nitrogen oxide emission and an ammonia emission depending on the measurement signal and the conversion indication.

Abstract: A method for producing a portion unit of a detergent by inserting a base element made from a first film portion into a deep-drawing mold that forms a holding volume from the first film portion, the holding volume having a plurality of chambers spaced apart from one another; pouring at least one detergent composition into the chambers; placing a cover element made from a second film portion onto the filled chambers; connecting the cover element to the base element, which forms a film wrapping, sealing seams being formed between adjacent wall portions of the chambers; removing the portion unit from the deep-drawing mold, wherein the outside of the film wrapping is then wetted at least in the region of the adjacent wall portions and, by pressure being exerted, the sealing seams are compressed and the adjacent wall portions are brought into contact with one another and interconnected.

Abstract: A flowable washing agent preparation containing, based on the total weight thereof, i) 20 to 80 wt. % surfactant; ii) 2 to 15 wt. % fatty acid; iii) 0.3 to 8 wt. % of the salt of a divalent cation; iv) 0.01 to 2 wt. % pigment; v) 8 to 35 wt. % solvent; and a washing method using same.

Abstract: An opacified liquid detergent composition includes at least one anionic surfactant, a fatty acid, calcium cations, and water. The fatty acid and calcium cations are present in the opacified liquid detergent composition in a weight ratio of the fatty acid to the calcium cations of from about 1:25 to about 1:150. The opacified liquid detergent composition is free of a microplastic opacifier and has a turbidity value of greater than 250 NTU measured utilizing a turbidity meter at about 24° C.

Abstract: A method (200) for operating an exhaust gas system (120) that includes a first catalytic converter (122) and at least one second catalytic converter (124), which are both arranged downstream from an internal combustion engine (110) The internal combustion engine (110) is controlled to generate a rich exhaust gas having a first rich gas portion, (220) a fill level of the second catalytic converter (124) is ascertained with respect to at least one lean gas component that is storable in the second catalytic converter and, if the ascertained fill level drops below (230) a minimum fill level, (240) the internal combustion engine (110) is controlled to generate a lean exhaust gas. The internal combustion engine (110) is then controlled to generate a rich exhaust gas having a second rich gas portion, and subsequently controlled (210) to generate the rich exhaust gas having the first rich gas portion.

Abstract: An opacified liquid detergent composition includes at least one anionic surfactant, a fatty acid, magnesium cations, calcium cations, and water. The fatty acid, magnesium cations, and calcium cations are present in the opacified liquid detergent composition in a weight ratio of from about 0.95:0.04:0.01 to about 0.88:0.11:0.01 of fatty acid to magnesium cations to calcium cations. The opacified liquid detergent composition is free of a microplastic opacifier and has a turbidity value of greater than 250 NTU measured utilizing a turbidity meter at about 24° C.