Abstract: In one aspect, a coolant distribution unit (CDU) for cooling a process fluid of a technical loop including computers. The CDU includes a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the technical loop process fluid to a process fluid of a facility loop. The CDU includes a rapid response cooling apparatus operatively connected to the heat exchanger. The CDU includes a controller configured to determine a surge of a cooling load of the computers based at least in part upon data from a sensor of the technical loop. The controller is configured to cause the rapid response cooling apparatus to contribute to satisfying the cooling load of the computers based at least in part upon the surge of the cooling load of the computers.

Abstract: Example apparatus and methods facilitate providing an incremental future-proof license to a master stream of content. The master stream may be related to different instances of content (e.g., different versions) for which there is a unified content representation. A request for content available through the master stream may be received from a licensee. The request may include an explicit indication of which stream of frames is to be accessed or may include implicit information from which a stream of frames may be selected. The selected stream may be changed midstream in response to changing conditions (e.g., bandwidth), events (e.g., gesture), devices (e.g., licensee accesses different device) or explicit requests. As the available streams of frames associated with the content changes, the changes may be mapped to the master stream and made available to the licensee. The licensee may pay an incremental license fee for access to updated content.

Abstract: Example apparatus and methods facilitate providing an incremental future-proof license to a master stream of content. The master stream may be related to different instances of content (e.g., different versions) for which there is a unified content representation. A request for content available through the master stream may be received from a licensee. The request may include an explicit indication of which stream of frames is to be accessed or may include implicit information from which a stream of frames may be selected. The selected stream may be changed midstream in response to changing conditions (e.g., bandwidth), events (e.g., gesture), devices (e.g., licensee accesses different device) or explicit requests. As the available streams of frames associated with the content changes, the changes may be mapped to the master stream and made available to the licensee. The licensee may pay an incremental license fee for access to updated content.

Abstract: Example apparatus and methods facilitate providing an incremental future-proof license to a master stream of content. The master stream may be related to different instances of content (e.g., different versions) for which there is a unified content representation. A request for content available through the master stream may be received from a licensee. The request may include an explicit indication of which stream of frames is to be accessed or may include implicit information from which a stream of frames may be selected. The selected stream may be changed midstream in response to changing conditions (e.g., bandwidth), events (e.g., gesture), devices (e.g., licensee accesses different device) or explicit requests. As the available streams of frames associated with the content changes, the changes may be mapped to the master stream and made available to the licensee. The licensee may pay an incremental license fee for access to updated content.

Abstract: Example apparatus and methods facilitate providing an incremental future-proof license to a master stream of content. The master stream may be related to different instances of content (e.g., different versions) for which there is a unified content representation. A request for content available through the master stream may be received from a licensee. The request may include an explicit indication of which stream of frames is to be accessed or may include implicit information from which a stream of frames may be selected. The selected stream may be changed midstream in response to changing conditions (e.g., bandwidth), events (e.g., gesture), devices (e.g., licensee accesses different device) or explicit requests. As the available streams of frames associated with the content changes, the changes may be mapped to the master stream and made available to the licensee. The licensee may pay an incremental license fee for access to updated content.

Abstract: Methods and related systems are described for determining the casing attenuation factor for various frequencies from measurements of the impedance of the transmitting or receiving coil of wire of. The compensation is based on two relationships. The first relationship is between one or more measured impedance parameters and the product of casing conductivity, casing thickness and electromagnetic frequency. The second relationship is between the casing correction factor and the product of casing conductivity, casing thickness and electromagnetic frequency.

Abstract: Impedances of an electromagnetic (EM) coil positioned in a well lined with an electrically conductive liner are determined. The impedances correspond to plural frequencies of operation of the EM coil. Based on the impedances of the EM coil corresponding to the plural frequencies, an attenuation factor associated with the electrically conductive liner is determined.

Abstract: Characterizing a reservoir with electromagnetic imaging surveys includes normalizing measured voltage data by transmitter moment, sorting the normalized voltage data into common receiver profiles, densely resampling transmitter locations using common positions for the receiver profiles, coarsely resampling the data at discreet transmitter locations, defining a starting model for inversion, weighting the data by a factor, converting the normalized voltage data to ratios, calculating a conductivity image using a ratio inversion method, and verifying that an inversion has converged and the image is geologically reasonable. The image can then be displayed. The invention can be used for cross-well, surface-to-borehole, borehole-to-surface, and single-well (borehole-to-borehole) measurements measurements by which the effects of steel casing are reduced.

Abstract: To determine effect on a magnetic field caused by a lining structure in a wellbore, an array may be deployed into the wellbore lined with the lining structure. The array comprises a plurality of sensors including sensor A configured to operate as a transmitter, sensor B configured to operate as either a transmitter or a receiver, and sensor C configured to operate as a receiver. The array measures magnetic fields using sensor B as a receiver and sensor C in response to activation of sensor B as a transmitter and sensor A. A plurality of lining structure correction factors can be calculated based on the measured magnetic fields, based on the reciprocity of the sensors.

Abstract: To determine effect on a magnetic field caused by a lining structure in a wellbore, an array may be deployed into the wellbore lined with the lining structure. The array comprises a plurality of sensors including sensor A configured to operate as a transmitter, sensor B configured to operate as either a transmitter or a receiver, and sensor C configured to operate as a receiver. The array measures magnetic fields using sensor B as a receiver and sensor C in response to activation of sensor B as a transmitter and sensor A. A plurality of lining structure correction factors can be calculated based on the measured magnetic fields, based on the reciprocity of the sensors.

Abstract: A technique includes performing first electromagnetic field measurements to obtain a first set of data and performing second electromagnetic field measurements to obtain a second set of data. The first set of data is relatively sensitive to an effect caused by an air layer boundary and is relatively insensitive to the presence of a resistive body. The second set of data is relatively insensitive to the effect and is relatively sensitive to the presence of the resistive body. The technique includes combining the first and second sets of data to generate a third set of data, which is relatively insensitive to the effect and is relatively sensitive to the presence of the resistive body.

Abstract: Impedances of an electromagnetic (EM) coil positioned in a well lined with an electrically conductive liner are determined. The impedances correspond to plural frequencies of operation of the EM coil. Based on the impedances of the EM coil corresponding to the plural frequencies, an attenuation factor associated with the electrically conductive liner is determined.

Abstract: Characterizing a reservoir with electromagnetic imaging surveys includes normalizing measured voltage data by transmitter moment, sorting the normalized voltage data into common receiver profiles, densely resampling transmitter locations using common positions for the receiver profiles, coarsely resampling the data at discreet transmitter locations, defining a starting model for inversion, weighting the data by a factor, converting the normalized voltage data to ratios, calculating a conductivity image using a ratio inversion method, and verifying that an inversion has converged and the image is geologically reasonable. The image can then be displayed. The invention can be used for cross-well, surface-to-borehole, and borehole-to-surface measurements by which the effects of steel casing are reduced.

Abstract: Characterizing a reservoir with electromagnetic imaging surveys includes normalizing measured voltage data by transmitter moment, sorting the normalized voltage data into common receiver profiles, densely resampling transmitter locations using common positions for the receiver profiles, coarsely resampling the data at discreet transmitter locations, defining a starting model for inversion, weighting the data by a factor, converting the normalized voltage data to ratios, calculating a conductivity image using a ratio inversion method, and verifying that an inversion has converged and the image is geologically reasonable. The image can then be displayed. The invention can be used for cross-well, surface-to-borehole, borehole-to-surface, and single-well (borehole-to-borehole) measurements by which the effects of steel casing are reduced.

Abstract: To determine effect on a magnetic field caused by a lining structure in a wellbore, an array may be deployed into the wellbore lined with the lining structure. The array comprises a plurality of sensors including sensor A configured to operate as a transmitter, sensor B configured to operate as either a transmitter or a receiver, and sensor C configured to operate as a receiver. The array measures magnetic fields using sensor B as a receiver and sensor C in response to activation of sensor B as a transmitter and sensor A. A plurality of lining structure correction factors can be calculated based on the measured magnetic fields, based on the reciprocity of the sensors.

Abstract: Characterizing a reservoir with electromagnetic imaging surveys includes normalizing measured voltage data by transmitter moment, sorting the normalized voltage data into common receiver profiles, densely resampling transmitter locations using common positions for the receiver profiles, coarsely resampling the data at discreet transmitter locations, defining a starting model for inversion, weighting the data by a factor, converting the normalized voltage data to ratios, calculating a conductivity image using a ratio inversion method, and verifying that an inversion has converged and the image is geologically reasonable. The image can then be displayed. The invention can be used for cross-well, surface-to-borehole, and borehole-to-surface measurements by which the effects of steel casing are reduced.

Abstract: To perform a survey of a subterranean structure behind a subsea surface, at least one sensor module is provided in a subsea environment, where the at least one sensor module comprises at least one magnetic field sensor. Measurement data is received from the magnetic field sensor, and an electric field along a particular direction is determined based on the measurement data to perform the survey of the subterranean structure, wherein the particular direction is generally orthogonal to the subsea surface.

Abstract: A technique includes performing first electromagnetic field measurements to obtain a first set of data and performing second electromagnetic field measurements to obtain a second set of data. The first set of data is relatively sensitive to an effect caused by an air layer boundary and is relatively insensitive to the presence of a resistive body. The second set of data is relatively insensitive to the effect and is relatively sensitive to the presence of the resistive body. The technique includes combining the first and second sets of data to generate a third set of data, which is relatively insensitive to the effect and is relatively sensitive to the presence of the resistive body.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for cooling fluids entering a closed circuit cooling tower. A triple circuit assembly is used to cool the fluid in the closed loop. The triple circuit assembly design allows a heat transfer tube bundle to maintain a relatively low pressure drop, but without simultaneously lowering thermal performance to a significant degree as compared to traditional double serpentine or QUAD serpentine designs.

Abstract: A mechanical draft cooling tower includes an air inlet and an air outlet. A liquid spray assembly is provided below the air outlet. A fill shell assembly is provided below the liquid spray assembly such that liquid can be sprayed onto the fill sheet assembly. An indirect heat exchange assembly is mounted beneath the fill sheet assembly. The indirect assembly usually comprises a series of coils through which a fluid to be cooled is circulated. A first air inlet is provided beneath the fill sheet assembly and includes a closing assembly. A second air inlet is provided beneath a top surface of the indirect assembly and includes a closing assembly.