Abstract: In a method for utilizing phosphorus-containing alternative fuels in the cement clinker production, the alternative fuels are thermolyzed using waste heat from the cement clinker production process in a thermolysis reactor different from a rotary kiln of the cement clinker production process, the energy released thereby is supplied to the cement clinker production process, and the thermolysis residues of the phosphorus-containing alternative fuels are discharged from the thermolysis reactor, so that the thermolysis residues of the phosphorus-containing alternative fuels are mixed in the thermolysis reactor with cement kiln bypass products as halogen carriers and the heavy-metal halides produced are drawn off.

Abstract: In a method for utilizing phosphorus-containing alternative fuels in the cement clinker production, the alternative fuels are thermolyzed using waste heat from the cement clinker production process in a thermolysis reactor different from a rotary kiln of the cement clinker production process, the energy released thereby is supplied to the cement clinker production process, and the thermolysis residues of the phosphorus-containing alternative fuels are discharged from the thermolysis reactor, so that the thermolysis residues of the phosphorus-containing alternative fuels are mixed in the thermolysis reactor with cement kiln bypass products as halogen carriers and the heavy-metal halides produced are drawn off.

Abstract: Flame spray pyrolysis can be performed using aqueous solvents for the delivery of metal and/or metalloid oxide precursors while obtaining desirably high flame temperatures for the synthesis of uniform submicron inorganic oxide particles. A multiple liquid channel nozzle can be used to deliver liquid for the formation of the aerosol that is combusted in the flame. One or both channels can deliver liquid with metal/metalloid precursors and/or organic fuels. Flame spray pyrolysis can be used to form metal tungsten oxide submicron particles. Metal tungsten oxide compositions can be used in the formation of transparent electrodes. If the transparent electrodes are formed from polymer inorganic particle composites, the composites can further comprise electrically conductive nanoparticles to improve the electrical conductivity.