Abstract: In a method of removing volatile oxidizable compounds from particles present in a container, a gas stream is continuously introduced into the container, the gas stream takes up the oxidizable compound from the particles in the container and a gas stream laden with the oxidizable compound is discharged from the container. In the method of the present invention, oxygen is added to the gas stream which has been discharged and the oxidizable compound present in the discharged gas stream is subsequently at least partly catalytically oxidized by means of the oxygen and this oxidized gas stream forms at least part of the gas stream introduced, so that the gas stream is circulated. This makes safe and inexpensive removal of the oxidizable compounds from the particles possible.

Abstract: Process for the continuous preparation of ethylene copolymers by free-radical copolymerization of ethylene and at least one comonomer in a cascade comprising at least two reactors, wherein one or more initiators are fed into the reaction mixture downstream of the first reactor.

Abstract: A copolymer with high chemical homogeneity, consisting of (A) 50 to 30% by weight of ethylene, (B) 50 to 70% by weight of C4- to C24-hydrocarbyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid, (C) 0 to 5% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and (D) 0 to 10% by weight of copolymerizable monomers, obtainable by polymerizing a mixture of 80 to 60% by weight of ethylene, 20 to 40% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and 0 to 10% by weight of copolymerizable monomers in a backmixing, continuous polymerization apparatus, and subsequently polymer-analogously esterifying the resulting copolymer with C4- to C24-hydrocarbinols. The inventive copolymer is suitable for improving the cold flow properties of fuel oils, for lowering the lower mixing temperature of cold flow improver additives into fuel oils, and for improving the filterability of fuel oils comprising cold flow improver additives.

Abstract: A terpolymer formed from (A) ethylene, (B) (i) C2- to C14-alkenyl esters of one or more aliphatic C1- to C20-monocarboxylic acids or (ii) C1- to C24-alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and (C) olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons selected from (iii) five- to seven-membered cycloalkenes and (iv) ?-olefins having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. The terpolymer mentioned is suitable as a cold flow improver in middle distillate fuels. It lowers the lower mixing temperature of cold flow improver additives into middle distillate fuels and improves the filterability of middle distillate fuels comprising cold flow improver additives.

Abstract: The present invention describes a fuel oil composition comprising at least one biodiesel oil and at least one additive for improving the filterability.

Abstract: Process for the continuous preparation of ethylene copolymers by free-radical copolymerization of ethylene and at least one comonomer (b) selected from among ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, ethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acids and esters of ethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acids, wherein one or more inhibitors are metered separately from ethylene and the comonomer or comonomers (b) into the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Process for the continuous preparation of ethylene copolymers by free-radical copolymerization of ethylene and at least one comonomer in a cascade comprising at least two reactors, wherein one or more initiators are fed into the reaction mixture downstream of the first reactor.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing additive mixtures for fuel oils by mixing at least two additive components in a dynamic mixer or a lamination mixer. The invention further relates to additive mixtures obtained by said method and fuel oil compositions containing said additive mixtures.

Abstract: Copolymers comprising as comonomers in copolymerized form: (a) ethylene, (b) one or more compounds of the general formula I (c) if appropriate, one or more alkenylphosphonic diesters, (d) if appropriate, one or more other free-radically copolymerizable comonomers, whose variables are defined as follows: R1 is selected from hydrogen and unbranched and branched C1-C10-alkyl, R2 is selected from hydrogen and unbranched and branched C1-C10-alkyl, R3 is selected from hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, and unbranched and branched C1-C10-alkyl and unbranched and branched hydroxy-C2-C10-alkyl, as free acid or partially or completely neutralized with alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonia or organic amine.

Abstract: The use of a mixture comprising (A) 5 to 95% by weight of at least one oil-soluble polar nitrogen compound which can interact with paraffin crystals in middle distillate fuels under cold conditions, and (B) 5 to 95% by weight of at least one oil-soluble aliphatic compound with an alkyl or alkenyl chain having at least 8 carbon atoms, obtainable from aliphatic mono- or dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 300 carbon atoms or derivatives thereof with mono- or polyamines or with alcohols, for lowering the cloud point in middle distillate fuels which, before the addition of additives, have a CP of ?8.0° C. or lower by at least 1.5° C. compared to the unadditized middle distillate fuel at a dosage of the mixture of 50 to 300 ppm by weight, with no simultaneous deterioration in the response behavior for the lowering of the cold filter plugging point on addition of cold flow improvers.

Abstract: A method of treating surfaces using one or more than one copolymer (A) comprising as comonomers in copolymerized form: (a) ethylene, (b) one or more alkenylphosphonic diesters, (c) if appropriate, one or more other free-radically copolymerizable comonomers.

Abstract: A process for preparing ethylene homopolymers and copolymers in a tubular reactor having two or more polymerization zones at temperatures of between 150° C. and 350° C. and pressures in the range from 500 to 5000 bar, using oxygen as initiator, which comprises using, as molar mass regulator, one or more aliphatic ketones of the formula I, where the variable R1 is a C1-C6-alkyl or C3-C12-cycloalkyl, ethylene homopolymers and copolymers obtainable therefrom and their user for producing injection-molded products in the cosmetics, medical and food sectors are described.

Abstract: An additive formulation suitable for antistatic modification and improving the electrical conductivity of inanimate organic material, consisting essentially of (A) from 1 to 50% by weight of an olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymer, (B) from 1 to 50% by weight of a compound which comprises one or more basic nitrogen atoms and has at least one relatively long-chain linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having at least four carbon atoms or an equivalent structural element which ensures the solubility of component (B) in the inanimate organic material, (C) from 0.1 to 30% by weight of an oil-soluble acid and (D) from 1 to 80% by weight of a high-boiling organic solvent which consists of one or more molecule types, where at least 80% by weight of these molecule types have a boiling point of more than 150° C. at standard pressure, where the sum of all components adds up to 100% by weight.

Abstract: The use of oligo- or polyamines which have a number-average molecular weight of from 46 to 70 000 and are free of phenolic hydroxyl groups for increasing the oxidation stability of biofuel oils based on fatty acid esters, or of mixtures of such biofuel oils with middle distillates of fossil origin and/or of vegetable and/or animal origin, which are essentially hydrocarbon mixtures and are free of fatty acid esters.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polymers which comprise, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, at least one alkenyl ester and at least one ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid with higher alcohols as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and especially as a cold flow improver in fuel oils; to the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and to additive packages comprising such copolymers. The invention also relates to quaternary and higher copolymers which comprise the abovementioned monomers in copolymerized form.

Abstract: A cold-stabilized fuel oil composition comprising a major proportion by weight of a middle distillate fuel which boils in the range of 120-500° C. and minor proportions by weight of (A) at least one cold flow improver, (B) at least one detergent additive and (C) at least one cold solubilizer I which has at least one radical having at least 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method of coating surfaces of plastic or metal, which comprises treating the plastic or metal surface in question with an aqueous dispersion comprising (A) at least one ethylene copolymer having a molecular weight Mn in the range from 2000 to 20 000 g/mol, selected from ethylene copolymers comprising as comonomers in copolymerized form (a) 15.5% to 19.9% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated C3-C10 carboxylic acid and (b) 80.1% to 84.5% by weight of ethylene, (B) at least one base, in one step and subsequently providing in at least one further step the metal or plastic surface in question with at least one further coat.

Abstract: In a process for preparing polyethylene in tube reactors with or without autoclaves, where a free-radical initiator is introduced with or without cold ethylene into a flowing ethylene- and comonomer-containing medium, rotation is generated between two streams (61, 62) to be mixed at an angle (66) or by provision of a swirl element (20, 80) in the flow cross section (27, 28). In the region of a feed point (72, 81) for a free-radical initiator, there is provided a cross-sectional constriction (63, 67, 71) at which the free-radical initiator is introduced through an optimized off-center outlet opening (44) of an introduction finger (40) into the rotating flow (61, 62, 70).

Abstract: A process for preparing ethylene polymers by the high-pressure method comprises dissolving one or more free-radical initiators in one or more ketones of the formula I where R1 and R2 are identical or different and are selected from among C1-C6-alkyl and C3-C12-cycloalkyl and R1 and R2 may also be covalently linked to one another to form a 4- to 13-membered ring, prior to the polymerization, compressing the solution, metering it into the polymerization reactor at one or more points and subsequently carrying out the polymerization at from 150 to 380° C. and from 500 to 4500 bar.