Abstract: Partial oxidation of hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide is carried out by a fixed bed or a fluidized bed process which includes the steps of passing steam and/or carbon dioxide through a perovskite-type ceramic mixed conductor in an adsorption zone at an elevated temperature, thereby at least partially saturating the mixed conductor with oxygen and producing hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide, and subsequently contacting the hot, at least partially oxygen-saturated mixed conductor with a hydrocarbon in a partial oxidation reaction zone. During the partial oxidation reaction phase of the process, the sorbed oxygen reacts with the hydrocarbon, thereby producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: Novel compositions of molecular sieve adsorbents are provided in which at least 50% of the exchangeable cations are selected from those of Li, Ca, Ag and Cu and which have within their pore system metal oxide, metal oxide precursors or mixtures thereof. These compositions are useful for the separation of gases and, in particular, the separation of nitrogen from air to produce oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is removed from gas streams comprised predominantly of gases that are less strongly adsorbed than is carbon dioxide by passing the gas stream through a bed of type X zeolite having a silicon to aluminum atomic ratio not greater than about 1.15 and at least 75% of the exchangeable cations of which are potassium ions, thereby adsorbing the carbon dioxide from the gas stream. The process is particularly advantageous when applied to the removal of low levels of carbon dioxide from gas streams at temperatures of about 0 to 80° C.

Abstract: A method of separating a first gaseous component from a gas mixture comprising the first gaseous component and a second gaseous component comprising passing the gaseous mixture into an adsorption zone containing an adsorbent material capable of preferentially adsorbing at least one of the gaseous components in the gaseous mixture, to separate the first gaseous component from the second gaseous component wherein the adsorbent material is a monolithic having a plurality of channels throughout, said channels being aligned parallel to the direction of flow of the gaseous mixture and having a wall thickness of less than 1 mm and (b) recovering the non-preferentially adsorbed gaseous component from the adsorption zone. Preferably, the adsorption zone comprises multiple layers of monolithic structures in the shape of a wheel stacked one upon the other in a direction parallel to the direction of the flow of the gaseous mixture and form by spirally winding a sheet of corrugated adsorbable material about a hub.

Abstract: A gas separation process comprising feeding a gaseous mixture comprising at least two components having different adsorption characteristics into an adsorption vessel containing at least one adsorbent material capable of preferentially adsorbing at least one of the gaseous components in the gaseous mixture and subjecting the gaseous mixture to non-cryogenic conditions which enable the preferentially adsorbable gaseous component in the gaseous mixture to adsorb onto the adsorbent material and separate from the non-adsorbed component in the gaseous mixture which pass through the adsorbent vessel wherein at least one adsorbent material in the adsorbent vessel comprises a composite particle having an inner core comprising a non-porous, non-adsorbent material and at least one outer layer comprising the adsorbent material. In another embodiment of the process of the present invention a hollow particulate adsorbent material is utilized.

Abstract: Substantially all of the carbon dioxide is removed from a gas containing up to about 1% by volume carbon dioxide by subjecting the gas to a pressure swing adsorption process using a two layer adsorption system, wherein the first layer contains activated alumina and the second layer is a zeolite or a combination of zeolites having a silicon to aluminum atomic ratio of at least 1.5. The process is particularly suitable for removing substantially all carbon dioxide and water vapor contained in air prior to subjecting the air to cryogenic distillation.

Abstract: A method of separating a first gaseous component from a gas mixture comprising the first gaseous component and a second gaseous component comprising passing the gaseous mixture into an adsorption zone containing an adsorbent material capable of preferentially adsorbing at least one of the gaseous components in the gaseous mixture, to separate the first gaseous component from the second gaseous component wherein the adsorbent material is a monolith having a plurality of channels throughout, the channels being aligned parallel to the direction of flow of the gaseous mixture and having a wall thickness of less than 1 mm and (b) recovering the non-preferentially adsorbed gaseous component from the adsorption zone. Preferably, the adsorption zone comprises multiple layers of monolithic structures in the shape of a wheel stacked one upon the other in a direction parallel to the direction of the flow of the gaseous mixture and form by spirally winding a sheet of corrugated adsorbable material about a hub.

Abstract: Ethene is separated from a gas mixture containing ethane by a pressure swing adsorption process carried out at a temperature in the range of about 50 to about 200° C., wherein the adsorption step of the process is conducted by passing the gas mixture through an adsorption zone containing type A zeolite whose exchangeable cations are preferably made up of at least about 60 but not more than 75% sodium ions and more than 25 and up to about 40 percent potassium ions.

Abstract: Adsorbent composites composed of microparticulate zeolites at least 90% of whose particles have a characteristic particle dimension not greater than about 0.6 micron and a macropore inert binder. The composites are useful for separating strongly adsorbed gas components from gas mixtures. Microparticulate type X zeolites composites are particularly useful for separating nitrogen or carbon dioxide from air.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is separated from gaseous hydrocarbons by a cyclic adsorption process using at a temperature in the range of about -50 to about 200.degree. C., wherein the adsorption step of the process is conducted by passing the gas mixture through an adsorption zone containing carbon molecular sieve or type A zeolite whose exchangeable cations are made up of about 50 to about 90% sodium ions and about 10 to about 50 percent potassium ions.

Abstract: Zeolites exchanged with lithium ions and, optionally, with polyvalent cations are prepared by ion-exchanging a sodium-containing zeolite, a potassium-containing zeolite or a sodium- and potassium-containing zeolite with ammonium ions, thereby replacing the sodium and/or potassium ions with ammonium ions, and then reacting the ammonium ion-exchanged zeolite with a water-soluble lithium compound under conditions which result in the removal of ammonia from the reaction zone. Polyvalent ions, which may be present in the zeolite undergoing ion-exchange, will not be substantially replaced by the ammonium or lithium ions.

Abstract: Chabazite, offretite, erionite, levyne, mordenite, gmelinite, zeolite A, zeolite T, EMC-2, ZSM-3, ZSM-18, ZK-5, zeolite L, and beta zeolite whose exchangeable cations are composed of 95 to 50% lithium ions, 4 to 50% of one or more of aluminum, cerium, lanthanum and mixed lanthanides and 0 to 15% of other ions are prepared by ion-exchanging the base zeolite with water-soluble trivalent ion salts and with water soluble lithium salts. The zeolites preferentially adsorb nitrogen from gas mixtures.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is removed from a gas stream by passing the gas stream through a bed of natural or synthetic clinoptilolite or their chemically-modified derivatives. The process is particularly advantageous when applied to the removal of ppm levels of carbon dioxide from gas streams at temperatures above 20.degree. C.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is removed from gas streams comprised predominantly of gases that are less polar than carbon dioxide by passing the gas stream through a bed of type X zeolite having a silicon to aluminum atomic ratio not greater than about 1.15, thereby adsorbing the carbon dioxide from the gas stream. The process is particularly advantageous when applied to the removal of low levels of carbon dioxide from gas streams at temperatures above 20.degree. C.

Abstract: Type X zeolites whose charge-compensating cations are composed of 95 to 50% lithium ions, 4 to 50% of one or more of aluminum, cerium, lanthanum and mixed lanthanides and 0 to 15% of other ions. The zeolites preferentially adsorb nitrogen from gas mixtures.