Abstract: In a method for operating an SCR catalytic converter provided for the reduction of NOx in exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, which SCR catalytic converter is operated with a reagent which can be stored in the SCR catalytic converter such that there is a certain reagent fill level in the SCR catalytic converter, wherein the actual NOx concentration downstream of the SCR catalytic converter is monitored on the basis of the signal of a sensor, which is arranged downstream of the SCR catalytic converter and which is sensitive at least with respect to NOx, in comparison with a calculated NOx concentration downstream of the SCR catalytic converter, it is provided according to the invention that, in the case of a comparison result which represents a conversion deficit as a difference between the measured actual NOx concentration and the previous calculated reagent fill level in the SCR catalytic converter is corrected to a new calculated reagent fill level, whereby an immediate dosing of reagent takes p

Abstract: A procedure for metering a reagent into an exhaust duct of a combustion engine, which is required for a catalytic conversion of NOx in a SCR-catalyzer and a device for implementing the procedure are suggested. Determined is the difference between a calculated and a measured NOx-concentration each downstream after the SCR-catalyzer. The difference is compared to a difference threshold. After an exceeding of the difference threshold a lowering of the metering rate on to a sinking metering rate is undertaken, which is higher than zero. After a waiting time, a comparison of the calculated and the measured NOx-concentration is provided each downstream after the SCR-catalyzer. If the measured NOx-concentration is above the calculated NOx-concentration the metering rate is increased. If the measured NOx-concentration is below the calculated NOx-concentration the metering rate is lowered.

Abstract: In some aspects, the present invention provides aminoglycoside derivatives thereof that exhibit antibacterial activity. In some aspects, the aminoglycoside derivatives comprise compounds consisting of (a) an ammoglycoside group and (b) at least one hydrophobic carbamate and alkoxy group to the primary or secondary hydroxy position of the aminolvcoside group and salts thereof.

Abstract: A combustion engine has in the exhaust gas area a SCR-catalyzer with a NH3-filling level, a metering device for supplying the SCR-catalyzer with reactant for reducing nitrous gases, and a downstream NH3-sensitive NOx-sensor. One theoretical value for the NOx downstream of the SCR-catalyzer is compared to an actual NOx-value downstream of the SCR-catalyzer. A reasonability check includes determining a first value for one comparison parameter, which represents the state before a system intervention for adapting the NH3-filling level. A system intervention for adapting the NH3-filling level is carried out and a second value of the comparison parameter is detected. From the comparison of the first value and the second value the reasonability, the non-reasonability, or non-preciseness of the system intervention is assumed.

Abstract: Guanadinylated aminoglycoside-lipid conjugates are prepared. Such conjugates may comprise an aminoglycoside such as an aminoglyucoside antibiotic like neomycin or kanamycin, at least one guanidino group attached to a primary or secondary carbon atom of the aminoglyucoside group and at least one lipid group attached through a bond or a linker to a branched carbon atom of the aminoglycoside. These conjugates exhibit improve antibacterial activity and may be used in conjunction with another antibiotic.

Abstract: In some aspects, the present invention provides ultrashort lipopeptides which feature ?-amino acids or ?-peptides and demonstrate antimicrobial activity. Accordingly, some aspects of the present invention provide lipopeptide compositions and methods of making and using the compositions as antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for regenerating an emission control system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a storage catalytic converter, a first exhaust gas probe being situated in an exhaust gas tract upstream of the storage catalytic converter and a second exhaust gas probe being situated in a second exhaust gas tract downstream of the storage catalytic converter. A first output signal of a first exhaust gas probe and a second output signal of a second exhaust gas probe are supplied to an engine management system and the storage catalytic converter is regenerated by being exposed to a reductant in a regeneration phase.

Abstract: Hydrophobically enhanced aminoglycosides have been prepared and shown to be effective antibacterial agents. These agents may be used in the treatment or prevention of various bacterial infections. Methods of preparing these agents also permit facile synthetic access. Formula (I).

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a procedure for the regeneration of a particle filter and the desulfurization of a NOx storage catalytic converter in an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine. The disclosed procedure allows for the necessary heating energy and fuel consumption required to completely or partially regenerating the particle filter to be significantly reduced. Furthermore, an increase in efficiency of the NOx storage catalytic converter results, because the process reduces the average sulfur absorption on account of a greater frequency of desulfurization phases. In so doing, the NOx emissions after the NOx storage catalytic converter can further be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to tetrahydropyranyl-derivatized amino acids, their syntheses and their incorporation into peptides and peptidomimetics. The tetrahydropyran moiety constrains the side chain of an amino acid, thereby providing a molecule that may act as a sugar- or amino acid-mimetic as well as a scaffold for combinatorial synthesis.

Abstract: A procedure is introduced to operate a diesel engine, which has a catalytic converter with three-way conversion characteristics. The procedure is characterized thereby, in that if the engine rotational speed increases without in the process exceeding an engine rotational speed threshold value and the engine's load is greater than a load threshold value, the diesel engine is operated in such a manner that the diesel engine alternately generates an oxidizing and a reductive exhaust gas atmosphere before the catalytic converter. Additionally a control unit is introduced, which controls the sequence of the procedure.

Abstract: Aminoglycoside-amino acid and -peptide conjugates comprising a triazolyl linker are provided along with efficient methods of their preparation. The aminoglycoside may be an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Conjugates comprising an aminoglycoside antibiotic may exhibit antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative strains and display significantly enhanced activity against multi-drug resistant MRSA and MRSE when compared to their unconjugated aminoglycoside antibiotic counterparts.

Abstract: Beta-mimetic compositions and methods of making and using such compositions in preparing bioactive peptides, such as antimicrobial peptides, are disclosed. In particular, spirocyclic proline hybrids are provided that may be used to alter the cis/trans isomerization of proline in a peptide, and which may replace a residue, for example, the i+2 residue, of a beta-turn in a peptide of known sequence, thereby retaining or modifying the structure of the peptide.

Abstract: A combustion engine has in the exhaust gas area a SCR-catalyzer with a NH3-filling level, a metering device for supplying the SCR-catalyzer with reactant for reducing nitrous gases and at a downstream NH3-sensitive NOx-sensor. One theoretical value for the NOx downstream of the SCR-catalyzer is compared to an actual NOx-value downstream of the SCR-catalyzer. A reasonability check includes determining a first value for one comparison parameter, which represents the state before a system interference for adapting the NH3-filling level. A system interference for adapting the NH3-filling level is carried out and again a second value of the comparison parameter detected. From the comparison of the first value and the second value the reasonability, the non-reasonability or non-preciseness of the system interference is assumed.

Abstract: A procedure for metering a reagent into an exhaust duct of a combustion engine, which is required for a catalytic conversion of NOx in a SCR-catalyzer and a device for implementing the procedure are suggested. Determined is the difference between a calculated and a measured NOx-concentration each downstream after the SCR-catalyzer. The difference is compared to a difference threshold. After an exceeding of the difference threshold a lowering of the metering rate on to a sinking metering rate is undertaken, which is higher than zero. After a waiting time, a comparison of the calculated and the measured NOx-concentration is provided each downstream after the SCR-catalyzer. If the measured NOx-concentration is above the calculated NOx-concentration the metering rate is increased. If the measured NOx-concentration is below the calculated NOx-concentration the metering rate is lowered.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for regenerating an emission control system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a storage catalytic converter, a first exhaust gas probe being situated in an exhaust gas tract upstream of the storage catalytic converter and a second exhaust gas probe being situated in a second exhaust gas tract downstream of the storage catalytic converter. A first output signal of a first exhaust gas probe and a second output signal of a second exhaust gas probe are supplied to an engine management system and the storage catalytic converter is regenerated by being exposed to a reductant in a regeneration phase.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to tetrahydropyranyl-derivatized amino acids, their syntheses and their incorporation into peptides and peptidomimetics. The tetrahydropyran moiety constrains the side chain of an amino acid, thereby providing a molecule that may act as a sugar- or amino acid-mimetic as well as a scaffold for combinatorial synthesis.

Abstract: A procedure is introduced to operate a diesel engine (10), which has a catalytic converter (24; 26) with three-way conversion characteristics. The procedure is characterized thereby, in that if the engine rotational speed (n) increases without in the process exceeding an engine rotational speed threshold value (n_S) and the engine's load (mk) is greater than a load threshold value (mk_S), the diesel engine (10) is operated in such a manner that the diesel engine (10) alternately generates an oxidizing and a reductive exhaust gas atmosphere before the catalytic converter (24; 26). Additionally a control unit (14) is introduced, which controls the sequence of the procedure.

Abstract: The invention concerns a procedure for the regeneration of a particle filter and the desulfurization of a NOx storage catalytic converter in an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine; whereby for the regeneration of the particle filter in contrast to a normal operation, the temperature of the particle filter is raised in at least one mode of operation “DPF-heating” and whereby for the desulfurization of the NOx storage catalytic converter, the NOx storage catalytic converter is heated up in at least one mode of operation “NOx storage cat heating” (??1); and in a subsequent mode of operation “NOx storage cat desulfurize”, a Lambda value of ?<1 is set in the exhaust gas; whereby in the case of a regeneration request for the particle filter or in the case of a desulfurization request for the NOx storage catalytic converter, a combined complete or partial regeneration of the particle filter as well as a desulfurization of the NOx storage catalytic converter is initiated.

Abstract: A double-jointed cardan shaft for vehicles includes a first yoke journal assembly disposed in a first fork joint, the first fork joint including a ball calotte, a second yoke journal assembly disposed in a second fork joint, and a connection element connecting the first and second fork joints. A centering ball is disposed in the ball calotte and has a bore. A first cavity is formed between the centering ball and the ball calotte. An elastic gasket disposed outside of the ball calotte forms a second cavity between the elastic gasket and the ball calotte. A centering pin is connected to the second fork joint and disposed in the bore, and a plurality of lubricant recesses for a lubricant are disposed at an interface between the centering pin and the bore. The centering ball includes at least one indentation extending along an outer circumferential surface of the centering ball such that no lubricant may pass from the first cavity to the second cavity.