Abstract: In a known measuring process, the stability for the generation of two measuring beams, by means of two measuring systems operating in the same measurement strategy is given. The reflection angle of the measuring beams deflected onto a blank are detected as inclination deviations of the surface and analyzed by difference. Systematic measuring deviations are conventionally reduced however mainly by the use of a single measuring strategy or system with a moving measuring beam. According to the invention, the measurement accuracy can be improved by combining two measuring strategies in the measuring process, carried out by different measuring systems (13, 14), which can be an autocollimator (AKF) and a long-trace profilometer)LTP), the measuring beams of which can be directed at the blank (10) using different types of deflecting units (15). Measured results with an accuracy of up to 0.01 angle seconds, hence sub-nanometer range, for example +/?0.

Abstract: A flange is formed on a workpiece by first mounting the workpiece in an inner holder shiftable along about a main axis and securing the inner holder against rotation about the main axis. A roller is rotated about the main axis adjacent the inner holder. Then the inner holder and workpiece are displaced axially to press the workpiece axially against the roller and deform the workpiece and form a flange thereon. This is done without heating the workpiece, that is in a cold-forming operation.

Abstract: A flange is formed on a workpiece by first mounting the workpiece in an inner holder shiftable along about a main axis and securing the inner holder against rotation about the main axis. A roller is rotated about the main axis adjacent the inner holder. Then the inner holder and workpiece are displaced axially to press the workpiece axially against the roller and deform the workpiece and form a flange thereon. This is done without heating the workpiece, that is in a cold-forming operation.

Abstract: Teeth are ring rolled in a closed die formed between upper and lower clamping elements in a starting workpiece that is a pretreated blank whose shape outside a region to be deformed by upper and lower profiled tools already corresponds generally to a desired finished shape. Prior to rolling the region to be deformed is heated and the upper profiled tool together with the upper synchronously rotating clamping element form a closed cavity around the heated region to be deformed of the workpiece with the upper tool angled relative to the workpiece. The tools and elements are rotated while engaging the workpiece and deformation takes place between the rotating tools. The angled upper tool is advanced along its symmetry line into the workpiece as the workpiece is deformed. The upper clamping element is axially retracted opposite to the upper tool and away from the workpiece during the rolling process along the symmetry line of the upper profiled tool as the workpiece is deformed.

Abstract: External teeth are formed on an annular metallic workpiece centered on a workpiece axis by fitting the annular metallic workpiece to a die with internally directed teeth to form axially open and radially closed spaces between the workpiece and the die at the teeth and axially pressing a pair of closing members oppositely against the die and workpiece to axially close the spaces. Then the fitted-together die, closing members, and workpiece are engaged between a pair of tools that are pressed together along a pressing axis generally parallel to the workpiece axis. The die, members and workpiece are synchronously rotated about the workpiece axis while the tools are rotated about respective tool axes each forming a small acute angle with the workpiece axis so as to locally compress the workpiece axially between the tools to deform the workpiece into the spaces. A bearing supports the die and workpiece while the workpiece is compressed between the tools.