Abstract: An antifouling compound comprising a phthalocyanine compound is disclosed for use in high temperature coke producing petroleum reactions wherein said coke is unwanted and acts as a fouling agent in the associated reaction apparatus.

Abstract: An improved visbreaking process having a lower utilities (heating fuel) cost is disclosed. The feed stream is heated by indirect heat exchange against the bottoms stream of a first fractionation column, which receives the effluent of the visbreaking heater. A portion of this bottoms stream is then used as quench. This quench stream is hotter and has a higher flow rate than previous designs. The feed is heated to a higher temperture by the indirect heat exchange and therefore less fuel is required in the visbreaker fired heater.

Abstract: An integrated hydrocarbon conversion process wherein two different heavy oil feed streams are thermally processed is disclosed. Preferably a vacuum gas oil is charged to a thermal cracking zone and a reduced crude fraction is charged to a visbreaking heater. The effluent of each thermal operation is separated into vapor and liquid fractions, with the vapor fractions being fed to a product fractionator. The liquid fractions each enter separate but interconnected subatmospheric pressure separation zones, one of which is a vacuum column. The bottoms of a product fractionator and distillate from the vacuum column are also charged to the thermal cracking zone.

Abstract: A startup method for a moving-bed reactor used in a process for the hydrogenation of olefin-containing hydrocarbons. The reactor is brought on-stream at full capacity while it contains less than a full loading of catalyst, and quantities of catalyst are intermittently added to the reactor while the hydrocarbons are being processed. Catalyst removal is then begun at a rate lower than the rate of catalyst addition and adjusted when the catalyst retention volume of the reactor becomes filled.

Abstract: A startup method for moving-bed reactors used in hydrocarbon conversion processes wherein the reactor is brought on-stream at full capacity while it contains less than a full loading of catalyst, and quantities of catalyst are intermittently added to the reactor while the hydrocarbons are being processed. Catalyst removal is then begun at a rate lower than the rate of catalyst addition and adjusted when the catalyst retention volume of the reactor becomes filled. The method is specifically adaptable to the hydrogenation of olefinic materials, the desulfurization of petroleum fractions and the production of liquid products from coal.

Abstract: A process for producing high quality metallurgical coke from hydrocarbonaceous charge stock containing coke precursors which comprises: (a) admixing said hydrocarbonaceous charge with a hereinafter described hydrocarbonaceous recycle stream; (b) introducing the resulting admixture into a coking zone maintained at coking conditions to produce coke and a hydrocarbonaceous effluent having a reduced level of coke precursors; (c) introducing at least a portion of said hydrocarbonaceous effluent into a hydrodesulfurization zone maintained at hydrodesulfurization conditions; (d) recycling at least a portion of the resultant desulfurized hydrocarbon of step (c) to step (a) as said hydrocarbonaceous recycle stream.

Abstract: A combination thermal cracker and coker for making specialty coke which permits high combined feed ratios necessary for total conversion to normally gaseous hydrocarbons, gasoline and coke without overloading the coke chamber with vapors. The process permits the use of smaller diameter coke chambers and/or lower pressure coke chambers.

Abstract: Methods of starting up and shutting down reactors used in hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization of black oils. The reactor is flushed with a heavy vacuum gas oil between the circulation of the black oil feed stream and the lighter hydrocarbon stream used during the low temperature portion of the operations.